Zygomycota

see also: Etymology of Zygomycota

The zygomycètes Strictly speaking ( Zygomycetes ) constitute, with the trichomycètes ( Trichomycetes ), the two classes of the zygomycètes Lato sensu ( Zygomycota ), one of the five divisions of the Champignon S currently recognized. They owe their name with their mode of sexuée reproduction, which is done by Cystogamie with formation of Zygospore S (of the old Greek zugos = couple). However the two classes are not independent: the trichomycètes are classified phylogenetically like under-clade (monophyletic) of the division (monophyletic) of the zygomycètes lato sensu ( Zygomycota ).

Very discrete and of generally microscopic size, they are mushrooms with Spore S deprived of Flagelle S, in which the cell S are not separated by partitions, their Hyphe S cœnocytic or being trapped. These mushrooms are also characterized by an abundant asexual reproduction, and a rapid growth which their make it possible to colonize their medium quickly.

Definition

not whipped spores
Thallus cœnocytic or trapped (the cells are not separated by partitions and many cores cohabit in the same “siphon”).

Subdivisions

One strictly speaking distinguishes three great orders in the class (paraphyletic) from the zygomycètes ( Zygomycetes ):

the Mucorales : sometimes parasitic of the man (agents of Zygomycose S), they are generally Moisissure S, in invaluable auxiliaries of chemical industry or pharmaceutical many cases. Some kinds: Mucor (many species of which the “hair of cat” of cheeses), Absidia , Rhizopus .
the Endogonales : abundant in the grounds, they live in Symbiose (partners endomycorhiziens) with many higher plants, playing a big role in the biological balance of some Biotope S.
the Entomophthorales : parasite S of plants and animals, sometimes used in the biological fight against harmful insects.

The class of the trichomycètes ( Trichomycetes ) gather the following orders:

the Amoebidiales
the Asellariales (Entomogène S, parasites of instectes)
the Eccrinales
the Genistellales
the Harpellales (parasitic),
the Kickxellales (saprophytes)
the Dimargaritales (parasitic) which present septae with particular pores, lenticular pores.

The Glomales , previously placed in Zygomycota, are today famous Glomerales and classified in the division of the Glomeromycota .

Statute nomenclatural

The term of zygomycètes was introduced in 1954 like “Phylum of the zygomycètes” by Moreau, the Mushrooms 2 , p. 2035 (1954) Latin diagnosis, type not indicated.

Its orthography was corrected in “ Zygomycota Moreau” by Whittaker, Science 163 , p. 155 (1969) Latin diagnosis; and by Rider-Smith, BioSystems 14 , p. 463 (1981) description.

current Phylum: Zygomycota Moreau, the Mushrooms 2 , p. 2035 (1954).

The term of trichomycètes was introduced, with a row not specified between ascomycètes ( Ascomycetes ) and laboulbéniomycètes ( Laboulbeniomycetes ), in 1948 by Duboscq, Leger & Tuzet, arch. Zool. Exp. Gén. 86 , pp. 29-144 (1948) Latin diagnosis, type not indicated, then by Handling (1955) with the row of junction (or phylum ).

the Taxon was validly published in the level of Classe Trichomycetes by Alexopoulos, Introductory Mycology , p. 37 (1962).

NB. The phylum Trichomycota R.T. Moore, was also proposed in Hawksworth (ED.), The Identification and Characterization off Pest Organisms , p. 250 (1994).

References

J.C. David; has Preliminary Catalog off the Names off Fungi above the Rank off Order , CABI Bioscience the U.K. Centers (Egham).
Lichtwardt R.W. ; To handle J. - F. (1978), Mycotaxon 7 (3) :

Validation off the names Harpellales and Asellariales , pp. 441-442.
Asellariales , p. 442.

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