Zrenjanin

See also: Zrenjanin (homonymy)

Zrenjanin , in Serb Cyrillic Sr Зрењанин, is a city and a municipality of Serbia located in the autonomous province of Voïvodine. Zrenjanin is the administrative center of the district of the central Banat. In 2002, the city counted: 79545 inhabitants and the municipality of which it centers it: 131509.

Zrenjanin is more the big city of the Serb Banat and, by its population, the third town of Voïvodine after Novi Sad and Subotica).

The name of the city

The current name of the city, Zrenjanin, was given to him in 1946, in the honor of Žarko Zrenjanin Uča (1902-1942), which was the chief of the Partisans Communists of Voïvodine during the Second world war. Tortured and imprisoned by the Nazis, it was killed while trying to escape to them.

Formerly Zrenjanin was called Bečkerek, in Serbe Cyrillique Sr Бечкерек or Veliki Bečkerek (Sr ВеликиБечкерек). In Hungarian, the city is known under the name of hu Nagybecskerek, in German under that of Großbetschkerek, in Rumanian under that of ro Becicherecul Mare or Slovenien Zrenianin, in under the name of Zreňanin and Ruthène pannonien under that of Зрењанин.

The name of Bečkerek would come from a Hungarian word " kerek" indicating the forest and name of a lord of the 14th century, Emre Becsei, which had vast domains in this area. Bečkerek would thus mean “the forest of Becsei”. The city was called Veliki Bečkerek to distinguish it from a village of Banat which bears the same name. Veliki is the Serb adjective which means “large”.

In 1935, the city was also called Petrovgrad, in the honor of the king Pierre Ier of Yugoslavia.

History

The town of (Veliki) Bečkerek is mentioned for the first in 1326. As a commercial town, it belonged to the field of the Serb prince Stefan Lazarević. The city formed then part of the Royaume of Hungary until in 1551, date on which it passed between the hands of the Othoman .

The Othoman army which seized the city was led by Mehmed Sokolović, a Turkish pasha of Serb origin. This is why the Serbes of the city helped the Turks thus to seize some. After the catch of the city, Mehmed Pasha named as governor certain Beg Malković. In 1570, Mehmed Pasha decorated the town of beautiful monuments and a broad autonomy granted to him.

In 1716, Bečkerek was conquered by the Habsbourgs. In 1753, the city was mainly populated of Serbes and Germans. Starting from 1769, it experienced an important development, in particular thanks to the empress Marie-Therese.

In 1839, Bečkerek obtained a theater; a College was open there in 1846. The Town hall was built in 1820 and the Law courts in 1908.

During the revolution of 1848 - 1849, the city became one of the capitals in fact of the Serb Voïvodine, an autonomous region inside the Empire of Austria. Between 1849 and 1860, it belonged to the Voïvodine of Serbia and Banat de Tamiš. After 1867, Bečkerek was integrated into the Royaume of Hungary, inside the Empire Austro-Hungarian.

With the census of 1910, the city counted: 26006 inhabitants, of which: 9148 spoke Hungarian: 8934 spoke Serbe and: 6811 spoke German.

In 1918, after the collapse of the Austria-Hungary, the city belonged to the Royaume of Serb, the Croats and the Sloveniens (renamed Yugoslavia later).

Between 1941 and 1944, it was occupied by the powers of the Axis and was integrated in the autonomous province of the Banat. Starting from 1945, Zrenjanin belonged to the autonomous privince of Voïvodine within the socialist news Federal republic of Yugoslavia. Since the independence of the Montenegro in 2006, it belongs to the independent Serbia.

Localities of the municipality of Zrenjanin

Districts of the city

  • Lesnina
  • Zeleno Polje
  • Center
  • Gradnulica
  • Čontika
  • Četvrti Jul
  • Dolja
  • Budžak
  • Duvanika
  • Mala Amerika
  • Šumica
  • Bagljaš
  • Mužlja, integrated into Zrenjanin in 1981.

Demography (2002)

Ethnicities

  • Serb (74,81%),
  • Hungarian (10,76%),
  • Yugoslav (1,93%),
  • Rumanian (1,9%),
  • Roms (1,87%),
  • Slovak (1,81%),
  • Others.

Localities according to the ethnic majority

  • Serb Majority: Zrenjanin, Banatski Despotovac, Botoš, Elemir, Ečka, Klek, Knićanin, Lazarevo, Lukićevo, Melenci, Orlovat, Bead, Stajićevo, Taraš, Tomaševac, Farkaždin and Čenta.
  • Hungarian Majority: Lukino Selo and Mihajlovo.
  • Rumanian Majority: Jankov Most.
  • Serb Relative majority: Aradac
  • relative Slovak Majority: Belo Blato

Personality

  • Konstantin Danil, a Serb painter of Rumanian origin
  • Đura Jakšić, a Serb painter who studied with Danil
  • Todor Manojlović, a Serb writer
  • Dejan Bodiroga, a Serb player of Basket-ball
  • Vladimir Grbić, a player of Volley-ball born in Zrenjanin, lived with Klek
  • Nikola Grbić, a player of volley ball born in Zrenjanin, lived with Klek
  • Dejan Govedarica, a player of Serb Football
  • Bojan Kostreš, president of the Parliament of the province of Voïvodine
  • Vladimir Ivić, a Serb football player
  • Zvonimir Vukić, a Serb football player
  • Žarko Čabarkapa, a player of basketball Montenegrin
  • Vilmos Lázár, a Hungarian general
  • Emil Petrovics, a Hungarian type-setter of Yugoslav origin
  • Zorica Novaković, a Serb poet * Dezső Antalffy-Zsiross, organist and type-setter Hungarian

Twin cities

Notes and references of the article

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