A zoonose (of the Greek zôon , “animal” and nosos , “disease”) is a Maladie animal, microbial or parasitic, which transmits animal to the man and vice versa.

The term of zoonose gathers in fact 2 methods different of transmission:

• a Anthropozoonose which is a Maladie transmitted man to the Animal
• a Zooanthroponose which is a Maladie transmitted Animal to the man

These diseases belong to the total animal risk, and all the people can develop these diseases even if they do not have a contact with the animals.

In addition, some of these zoonoses are occupational diseases (street sweeper S, Taxidermiste S, Agriculteur S, stockbreeders, Vétérinaire S…).

Examples of zoonoses

Zoonoses bacterial

• the Brucellosis (infection with Brucella spp. disease of the cattle, mainly Bovine S and Ovine S)

• the Campylobactériose (or Vibriose) with Campylobacter straws and with Campylobacter jejuni
• the infection with Escherichia coli O157: H7 at the origin at the hemorrhagic man of diarrhea and haemolytic and uremic syndrome (SHU) serious (in particular for the young children, the expectant mothers and the elderly)
• the Tularaemia, infection with Francisella tularensis , disease of the Hare and the Rodent savages, at the origin at the man of ulcerations, adenopathies, and the cases of pneumonia.
• the bacterial coal or carbonaceous fever with Bacillus anthracis
• the Plague (infection with Yersinia pestis , whose vector is the chip of the rat) and the tank wild rodents.
• the Leptospirosis (infection by different Sérovar S from Leptospira interrogans sensu lato , transmitted rat, rodent, or another mammal (dog exceptionally) with the man via the environment soiled by contaminated urine and at the origin at the man of pseudo-grippaux symptoms quickly whom can evolve/move in septicaemia with visceral attacks. It is a Occupational disease.
• the Typhus (infection with Rickettsia , bacterium whose tank is the rat and the vector a chip)
• the Pasteurellose (infections with Pasteurella , P. multocida , P. canis and P. dagmatis ), inoculated at the time of bites by animals, more particularly the pets like the dog and the cat.
• the Fever Q (infection with Coxiella burnettii ) whose tank makes up of arthropods, wild rodents, and pets (small ruminants) and mainly at the man at the origin of pseudo-grippaux syndrome and of gastro-intestinal disorders (gastrite)
• the Listériose (infection with Listeria monocytogenes) whose tank is consisted the man, the animal products (milk and dairy products especially), ground, water, plants, Ensilage S for ruminants, and mainly at the origin at the man of pseudo-grippaux feverish syndromes, abortions and meningoencephalites.
• the Mullet (infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ), disease of suidés domestic and/or wild, at the origin at the man of serious disorders. It is a Occupational disease.
• the Disease of Lyme (Borréliose of Lyme, due to Borrelia burgdorferi ), transmitted by the bite of infected ticks, whose principal tank are the wild deer tribe and rodents, and in the beginning ches the man of migrant chronic erythemas, polyarthritises and serious neuropathies.
• the Shigellosis (due to various bacteria of the kind Shigella ), disease of suidés and many the other animal species (monkeys in particular) and at the origin at the man of diarrheas marked with important dehydration.
• the Sodoku (infection of the rat due to Spirillum morsus am or Spirillum washout ), transmitted mainly by bite, scratch or through an injured skin, and at the origin at the man of satellite adenopathy (ignition of the lymphatic nodes draining the site of inoculation, repeating feverish episodes and erythema (members, trunk and/or face). It is a more frequent affection in Japan from where its name (So = rat and Doku= poison).
• the Fever of Haverhill (disease of the rodents due to Streptobacillus moniliformis ) and at the origin at the man of a pseudo-grippal syndrome.
• the Disease of the claws of the cat (or or lympho-réticulose benign of inoculation) due to Bartonella henselae), unapparent infection of the cat (in particular of the kitten and the cat of less than one year of age) transmitted by the chip of the cat (Ctenocephalides felis) at the origin at the man of recurring or persistent feverish bactériémies (prone immunodéprimés and children), of endocarditis, and angiomatoses bacillar.
• the Pseudotuberculosis (or infection by the bacillus of Malassez and Vignal), due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
• the infection by Yersinia enterocolitica
• the Rickettsiose S
• the Salmonellose S
• the Staphylococcie S
• the Tetanus ( Clostridium tetani)
• the Tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium bovis , Mr. tuberculosis and Mr. avium )
• the Mélioïdose ( Burkholderia pseudomallei )
• the Snot ( Burkholderia mallei )

• to supplement

Zoonoses viral

• the Rage (infection by the rabic virus), disease at the conclusion always fatal once the declared symptoms, which can be transmitted by the Renard S, the Chien S, the Chauves-souris as by the viverrine dogs in certain Eastern European country of Europe

• the Encéphalite S with ticks
• the Arbovirose S (for AR thropods BO rne VIR osis = " virus diseases transported by the arthropodes"), diseases transmitted by vectors (mosquitos, bugs…)
• to supplement

Zoonoses parasitic

• the Toxoplasmose with Toxoplasma gondii

• the Taeniasis with Taenia saginata and with Taenia solium
• the Hydatidose with Echinococcus granulosus
• the alveolar echinococcosis with Echinococcus multilocularis
• the Hymenolopidose with Hymenolepis chick
• the Dipylidiose with Dipylidium caninum
• the Bothriocéphalose with Diphyllobothrium latum
• the Distomatose with large liver fluke (Fasciolose), with Fasciola hepatica
• the Clonorchose with Clonorchis sinensis (ditch of China)
• the Opisthorchiose with Opisthorchis felineus (ditch of the cats)
• the Paragonimose (pulmonary Distomatose) with Paragonimus westermani , Paragonimus ringeri , Paragonimus kelicotti or with Paragonimus africanus
• the Anisakidose with Anisakis spp
• the Toxocarose with Toxocara canis (Larva migrans visceral)
• the Trichinellose with Trichinella spiralis
• the Ankylostomose with Ancylostoma spp
• the Giardiose with Giardia intestinalis (= G. duodenalis , G. lamblia )
• the Leishmaniose with Leishmania spp
• the Trypanosomose S:
• Disease of the sleep to Trypanosoma brucei gabiemse and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
• Disease of Chagas to Trypanosoma cruzi )
• the Balantidose with Balantidium coli
• the Sarcocystose S with Sarcocystis bovi-hominis and Sarcocystis sui-hominis
• the Paludism with Plasmodium malariae , Plasmodium vivax , oval Plasmodium and Plasmodium falciparum
• the Dermatophytose S (Tinea S) ( Microsporum canis , generally transmitted by the Cat, or the Dog, Trichophyton mentagrophytes transmitted by the Horse or the Rodent S, Trichophyton verrucosum transmitted by the Bovidé S).

Zoonoses due to nonconventional transmissible agents

• the bovine spongiform Encephalopathy (ESB, pertaining to the group of (transmissible subacute spongiform Encephalopathies) at the origin at the man of the Disease of Creutzfeldt-Jacob new alternative

External bonds

• File '' Zoonoses in '' professional environment of INRS (2005)

• Section '' Infections transmitted of the animal to the child '', 6^èmes National Days of Infectiologie (France, 2005)
• H. Krauss, A. Weber, Mr. Appel, B. Enders, A. v. Graevenitz, H.D. Isenberg, H.G. Schiefer, W. Slenczka, H. Zahner: Zoonoses. Transmissible Infectious Diseases from Animals to Humans. 3rd Edition, 456 pages. ASM Near. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC., the USA. 2003. ISBN 1-55581-236-8
• http://www.medical-microbiology.de/Dateien/zoo_eng.html
• File '' zoonoses: Research in Inra '' (June 2005)