Zihron Yaakov

Zihron Yaakov ( זכרוןיעקב ) is a town of Israel installed on the Mont Carmel.

Chronology

December 1882

A group of pioneers, mainly made up of immigrants originating in Romania, is installed on the grounds of Zihron Yaakov called then Zamarin . The economic difficulties and the epidemics then involve the departure of part of the population.

1883 - 1886

The baron Edmond de Rothschild puts the village under his own responsibility. He thus offers to each farmer of Zihron Yaakov an amount of money, and makes transform the grounds neighborhood into agricultural zones. It is a German engineer of the name of Stuckler which arranges the infrastructure of the village, and delimits the pieces of ground. The style of the city points out however a French small town. The culture of the vines becomes the most important economic activity. In 1885, Zihron Yaakov counts 380 inhabitants.
Edmond de Rothschild also makes a point of making build a synagog inaugurated in 1886 and called Ohel Yaacov to remember his Jacob father it.

1892 - 1895

A viticultural co-operative is built in the village, and, in against bottom of the mount Carmel, a factory of bottles of glass being intended him. Reached disease, all the type of vines are then changed.

1900 - 1906

The management of the village passes under the responsibility of the organization Yika ( יק " א ). In spite of its difficult situation, Zihron Yaakov is then recognized like center of attraction within the community pionnière of the time.

1911 - 1912

The village aggrandit following new waves of immigration, of which most important is made up of Juifs originating in the Yemen.

1914 - 1918

With the beginning of the First World War, the men of Zihron Yaakov is enlisted in the rows of the Turkish army. At this point in time the group of resistance and espionage " is organized; Nili ", on the initiative of the Aharonson family. One of wire, Aharon Aharonson (1876-1919), botanist of reputation, discovers the wild corn then . It commits suicide in an air crash in 1919. His/her sister, Sara Aharonson, is stopped by the Othoman authorities, and commits suicide in the family home of a ball of revolver, in order to escape tortures from the Turks.

1920 - 1948

At the end of the war, and with the entry of the British in Palestine, the village sees its situation improving. In addition to the vines, the farmers launch out in the culture of the tobacco, the olive-trees and the flowers used for the clothes industry of perfumes. In 1935, the number of inhabitants amounts to 1650. In 1934, the electricity makes its appearance in the village.

1948 - 1952

With the independence of the country, many immigrants join the already existing population, and are temporarily placed in the buildings given up by the British army, like under tents installed for the occasion. In 1951, Zihron Yaakov account 4200 inhabitants.

1952 - 1965

New districts are built in the Southern part of Zihron Yaakov. It is in 1954 that the baron Rothschild and his wife are buried with the accesses of the village, in an immense botanical garden, on a rise called from now on the " mount of Généreux".

1965 - 1990

One builds many villas in the Western zone of the city, and one counts from now on 7500 inhabitants, whose majority are easy people. An educational country-club and a center are created.

Sites of the city

The Aharonson house and the museum of Nili

The Aharonson family is one of the families of pioneers, whose certain members make themselves famous within the Jewish population of Palestine; Aharon, which discovers the " corn sauvage" , and his/her Sara sister, one of the principal founders of the Nili organization. During the First World War, the Nili network is discovered by the Turkish authorities, and the reprisals, in the town of Zihron Yaakov are immediate. At the time of its arrest, and to escape tortures from the authorities, Sara the death of a ball in the head is given. The course of the family, and through him the life of the village as a whole, is presented today in the family residence, and shelters also a museum paying homage to the activity of the network. This last includes/understands many files, a library, an exposure on the discoveries of Aharon Aharonson and a spectacle of sounds and lights.

The wine trail

The " road of the vin" is the project of repairing of the first street of the city, in the pure style of the establishments financed by the baron Rothschild in the country. All the frontages of houses were restored, their shutters remade out of wood, their roof covered with tiles and the central street is today skirted reverberators of the time. One can see the installation practiced in the courses interior of the residences, where from now on of many shops settled. This project extends, geographically, of the old cemetery to the building of the viticultural co-operative of the time.

It is in this street that the principal historic sites of the village are concentrated. Since, it became a tourist center of attraction, bordered of coffees, galleries and restaurants.

During the summer, artistic exposures and spectacles of street occur. At the time of the festivals of Pessah and Soukkot, one organizes various festivals there.

Gardens of the mount of the " Généreux"

This natural park extends on 4500 Dounam, and is located at the South of the village. With this surface, 70 dounam are covered with flowers, extending around the burials from the baron Edmond Rothschild and his wife the Adélaïde baroness.

These gardens were arranged in homage to the central role played by the baron in the installation of Ground Jewish establishment of Israel; from where the nickname which was given to him: the " Généreux".

Entry of the site leave five principal alleys, in memories of the five Rothshild brothers, founders of the dynasty. For the same reason, five additional gardens were arranged in the enclosure of the park;

the " garden of the sculptures" overhanging the Mediterranean;
the " garden of the roses" of symmetrical form;
the " garden of the palmiers" giving on the mountains of Samarie;
the " garden of the senteurs" only composed of odorous plants and aromatics;
the " garden of the amphithéâtre" where during the summer concerts of classical music are organized.

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