Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsüeh-liang (張學良, pinyin: Zhāng Xuéliáng) (June 3rd 1901 - October 15th 2001), called the " Maréchal" young person; (少帥), became one of the leaders of the Mandchourie and part of China of the North-East after the assassination of his/her father Zhang Zuolin on June 4th 1928 by Japanese. Like promoter of the Incidental of Xi' year, it was held prisoner by Tchang Kaï-chek during the three quarter of its life, but is regarded by the Chinese as a national hero.

Japanese domination

Japanese worried about think that the Mandchourie can declare its allegiance with Tchang Kaï-chek and hoped that Zhang Xueliang, which was a héroïnomane, would be subjected to the Japanese influence. In a surprising way, the Zhang young person was much more independent than it was supposed. He overcame his dependence of heroin and declared his fidelity with Tchang. So as to get rid of the Japanese influence, it made carry out two eminent official Japanese pro during a dinner opposite many hosts in January 1929. Zhang also tried to eliminate the influence from the Soviet Union, but moved back in front of the Soviet military development. At the same time, it developed closer relations with the United States.

In 1930, when Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan sought to reverse the government of Tchang Kaï-chek, Chang granted its support for the government of Nankin, being opposed to the lords of the war north, with n the other hand the granting of the control of the railroads of the province of the Hebei and the incomes of the customs of the port of Tianjin. After the Incidental of Mukden and the invasion by Japanese of the territory of Zhang in Mandchourie in 1931, the armies of Zhang were withdrawn without seeking confrontation. Apparently Zhang was conscious of the weakness of its forces opposite those Japanese and wanted to preserve an army of a certain size. Zhang travelled to Europe then returned to China to take the command of the communist suppression campaigns in the Hebei, the Henan and the Anhui, then in the North-East.

Incidental of Xi' year

At the time, Tchang had taken a nonaggressive position towards the Japanese, considering the Communists potentially more dangerous for China than Japanese. Its strategy was to eliminate the Communists before turning over its efforts against Japanese. However, nationalist anger growing against Japan made its position very unpopular and led to the action of Zhang against Tchang.

April 6th 1936, Zhang met Zhou Enlai to put an end to the Chinese Civil war. During the Incidental of Xi' year, on December 12th, 1936, Zhang and another general, Yang Hucheng, kidnapped Tchang Kaï-chek and imprisoned it until he admits to form an united front with the Communists against the Japanese invasion.

The negotiations which followed were delicate and never were really described. Tchang gave its agreement to rather focus its efforts against the Japanese than against the Communists.

Detention under Tchang Kaï-chek

After the release of Tchang Kaï-chek, this last made proceed to the arrest of the Young Marshal, its lawsuit and its judgment at ten years of prison. In 1949, Zhang was transferred to Taiwan where it was maintained as a police custody in its residence, spending its time being studied of the poetry of the Dynastie Ming. It is only in 1990, after the death of the son of Tchang, Chiang Ching-kuo, which it regained his freedom. Zhang holds the sad record of political prisoner having passed more the long run in prison.

End-of-life

After its release, it was exiled with Honolulu, Hawaii. It accepted many requests to go to continental China, but protesting its political independence as well with respect to the Guomindang as of the Communists it refused these offers. He died of pneumonia to old 100 years and was buried in Hawaii without to have given the feet to China.

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