Zayanes - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

The Zayanes (Berber: singular Azayi , plural Izayen ) are a Berber tribe of the area of Khénifra, in the Moyen central Atlas, with the Morocco.

Zayanes are also called Imazighen , this last name also indicates the whole of the Berber ones.

The tribes zayanes are famous for their attachment with the ancestral ground and their warlike tenacity, especially at the time of colonization under the control of Mouha or Hammou Zayani. Thus they prevented the colonists from easily seizing Khénifra. In spite of the French defeat in the Battle of Elhri, on November 13rd, 1914, the strategists of colonization were determined not to give up the fight against Zayanes, who constitute a pocket of resistance against the colonizer. This bastion of the rebellion worried the French troops which at the beginning the countryside of Morocco (1907-1914), avoided entering in direct confrontation with the quota of Zayanes.

History

Zayanes, also called Has Lahcen Ousaid , belong to the large tribe of Has Harkat, said:

confederation of Has Oumalou which includes/understands: Has Sgougou, and Bouhssoussen, Has Bouhaddou and Zayane, which is composed of seven tribes: Alla has, Has Bouhou, Has Chard, Has Am Aissa, Has Khouya, Has Boumazzoughe, Has Maii, whose administrative seat was Khénifra with Tiddar Ezayane of the time of colonization.

Among Zayanes brotherhoods of maraboutic origin are added, Chourfas, installed as refugees for political reasons, to recall that these Chourfas are former soldiers of the king Moulay El Hassan Ier come to help Zayanes against the tribe of Ichkern Elkbab; their intervention enters within the framework of the fight against the brotherhood of Sidi Ali Amhaouch.

They will be protected and respected, tradition of hospitality obliges. These tribes are scattered in the Zayane territory. It is about Bouaazaouine installed in Kaf' Nsour, at side, Me barkiines with Moulay Bouazza, Chourfas de Taskart to 10 km of Khénifra, Has them Nouh in the territory of Has Chart, Imrabten with Me Rirt, Has them Sidi Ali Amhaouch, Has them Sidi Bennaceur in Elkbab, Has them Sidi Yahyia Or Youssef with Tounfit, Ali Ouammar in Krouchen. These tribes are of origin Arab but berberized with the wire of time.

In addition to the confederation of Ichkirn : including/understanding tribes Has Ishaket of Has Ihand.
Enfin the confederation of Has Yafelmane : composed of to Me Guild Has, Has Yahia Ouyoussef, Has Oufalla and Has Izdeg Has Marghad Has Hdiddou.
Confédération of the Has Atta, specimens on the level of the organization socio-policy, this tribe was the last to be subjected, in 1934.

These three confederations, before the unloading of the French colonists, were in perpetual fight for the pastures, the points of water and the usual infringements concerning the honor of the tribe - they is what is called the wars intertribales. For lack of organized central government, these three confederations lived in anarchy - in other words Siba . This social instability rises from the political, and hard international environment since the fall of the Moorish kingdom of Spain. Since then, one attends great movements in mass of the populations. Morocco became the privileged target of the new rising European powers, in particular Spain, Portugal and France, which seek to dislocate Morocco as from the 17th century, and until the 19th century. The Berber populations, especially those of the Average Atlas, are withdrawn in the difficult regions of access, which will disadvantage their development.

Geography

The tribes of Zayanes live with the Average Atlas in the area of Khénifra, territory acquired by their warlike tenacity. They did not know social stability before French colonization, this, because of the wars intertribales. They are in perpetual displacement with the research of the pastures; it should be noted that they do not practice architecture, their traditional dwelling being the tent woven in hair of goat ( has kham ). This tribe belongs to a great ethnicity, recovering a big space, energy of Morocco as far as Egypt (Siwa) - North Africa, sub-Saharan Africa. The Zayanes tribes occupy the geographical space of the basin of Oum Errabia.

Culture

The zayanes twice a year belong to a large tribe wandering Berbère of the Average Atlas practitioner transhumance: in winter the Zayanes tribes move towards Azaghar where the climate is lenient - contrary to the '' Jbel '' where the winter is very rigorous.

Zayanes live in the mountains: their vital space goes from large the cedar plantation of Ajdir until Boujaad, border of the tribes Arabic-speaking people. The tribe zayane is wandering and moves twice a year: in winter towards the Azaghar where the climatic conditions are lenient, in summer towards Jbel.

Language

See too

External bonds

Zayanes Chart by the colonists
Distribution of the Berber ones. Diplomatic Le Monde
genetic Study on the origin of Berber (Zayane) the
Riding of the myth. France 5
Portrait of Mohamed Chafik
the origin of Tifinaghe
Origin of Berber the
Variation of the article

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