The term Zaporogue is the Western name of Sotnia Cosaques of the center of the Ukraine.

The word zaporogue : French specificity

French-speaking transliteration of the name of the one of the groups Cossack S, this word generally meets in translation of Slavic or Russian works. It gets busy like adjective (“the Cossacks zaporogues”) or like substantive (“a fast liver, to only see his face! Pants bright red, as ember, a blue Caftan, a variegated belt, a saber at the side, and a pipe attached to a copper chain which beat the heels to him ---- Zaporogue truth what”, Nicolas Gogol).

The first organization cossack

The army zaporogue, or armed cossack zaporogue, (in Ukrainian: ЗапорізькаСіч), or Zaporizka Voisko (in Ukrainian: ЗапорізькеВійсько, Zaporizke Viysko), also called Zaporizka Sich according to its strengthened capital, is an political organization, social, military, Ukrainian Cossacks (Ruthènes) of 16th at the 18th century.

Zaporogues lived either in the center of the Ukraine, in a territory called Zaporidjia near the Cataractes of the Dniepr, or on banks of the Black Sea.

It is about the very first organization cossack, born during the collapse of Rous' de Halych, sometimes called the principality of Galicie Volhynie in the middle of the 14th Century.

It then did not bear the name of Cossack, who appeared for the first time in Ruthénes documents going back to 1395. This wandering tribe, born from one volontée to push back the invasion tartars, to install various others sotnia, first of all in the North of Ruthénie (current Ukraine), then towards the Grand-Duchy of Moscovie, and donnérent birth with all the other cossacks groups and in particular with the cossacks of the Gift.

Their appearance defied the authority of the various States: the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, the Muscovite Russia, the Ottoman Empire: all wanted to subject them. They were first of all under the protection of the Large Duke of Lithuania. After various wars and alliances with the Poland, the Khanat of the Crimea or Russia, they is reflected under the protection of the Tsar after the Traité of Pereïaslav in 1654, like the majority of the other cossacks groups in addition.

Very first Ataman Zaporogue was the prince Dmytro Vyshnyvytski, he created a principal camp on an island of the Dniepr beyond the rapids of this one. Thus born the name of the first armed cossack: Zaporogues.

The two most outstanding facts of the history of Zaporogues:

• Tender by Pierre Large the which gives them for Hetman Mazeppa.

• Deportation under Catherine II which transplants them on the edges of the Kouban in 1775 to put an end to ceaseless armed robberies.

Possible origins of the word " Zaporogue"

The term zaporogue could be an error of transliteration of the Ukrainian, or an abusive Francization of the translator of the Ukrainian author of the 19th century Nicolas Gogol, whose short novel Tarass Boulba has as a subject the Cosaques.

The Bouillet dictionary gives the etymology: of za , “near”, and porogy , “cataracts”.

In the publications

Attested in:

• Translation of the dispatch disappeared in Evenings from the hamlet of Gogol (translation of 1966 of the Gallimard editions)
• History of the reign of Pierre Large the in Newspaper of the scientists by Mérimée 1864-1868 page 673

External bonds

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