The Zambia is a Pays of Southern Africa, without access to the sea. Resulting from the Rhodesia of British North, it belongs to the the Commonwealth and its Official language is the English. The country counts 11,6 million inhabitants (2005), the capital is Lusaka and the currency is the kwacha.

History

See also: History of Zambia

  • Zambia is rich in prehistoric vestiges, the such cranium of the Homo rhodesiensis which between 100.000 and 300.000 years would have discovered in 1921 with Broken Hill, in a mine of Zinc in the town of Kabwe, by Switzerland Tom Zwiglaar.

  • the first inhabitants of Zambia were Bochimans living of hunting and gathering.

  • As from the 4th century of many people of language bantoue settles and forms chefferies, kinds of principalities autonomous; the private property is not known and the ground is always cultivated in community. The populations practice barter however certain ethnos groups adopt copper small crosses of various weights like currency as from the 9th century.

  • v 1700: Bemba, related to slave Arabic, base an empire on a zone active of the current Congo to the Lac Tanganyika. They take part in the Traite blacks mainly with the profit of the sultans of Zanzibar.
  • 1838 - 1864: Temporary protectorate of Kololo on Lozi (related in Sothos)
  • 1890: Lewanika, the king of Lozis, places the high-Zambezi under the protection of the British South African Company (BSAC) of Cecil Rhodos.
  • 1891 : The territory, briefly called Zambézie of north is managed by the British South African Company (BSAC) of Cecil Rhodos which eliminates the draft from the slaves. Bembas are briefly opposed to the BSAC.
  • 1898 - 1899: Organization of the administration of Rhodesias of the North-East (future Malawi) and of the North-West.
  • 1911 : Final constitution and fixing of the borders of Rhodesia of North under administration of the BSAC.
  • In the Years 1920 and 1930 of the Americans discover important mining layers, the mining activity supports the development of the area and immigration.
  • 1923, Rhodesia of north becomes a British protectorate under the control of the Colonial British office whereas the Southern Rhodesia becomes a autonomous colony.
  • 1948 : Constitution of the first African political party of Rhodesia of North, then a segregationist state.
  • 1951 : Constitution of the " National congress africain" (ANC) of Rhodesia of the North directed by Harry Nkumbula
  • 1953, two Rhodesias and Nyasaland are built-in the Fédération of Rhodesia and Nyassaland.
  • 1955 : Roy Welensky, a white deputy of Rhodesia of North becomes Prime Minister for the federation.
  • 1958 : Foundation of the Plain National Left for Independence (UNIP), a dissidence of the ANC, hostile with the federation.
  • 1962 : The ANC of Nkumbula gains the elections in Rhodesia of North and is combined with the UNIP of Kenneth Kaunda.
  • 1963 : Dissolution of the federation, not having been able to overcome racial antagonism and nationalist between white and blacks.
  • 1964 :
    • January: The general elections are largely gained by the UNIP (50 deputies) relegating the 10 elected officials of Nkumbula in the opposition with the 10 white deputies.
    • October 24th: Independence of Rhodesia of North under the name of Zambia. Government directed by the National United Independence Party or UNIP ( Left National Plain for Independence ) of Kenneth Kaunda, president of the republic.
  • 1971 : The constitution is amended. Adoption of the principle of a participative democracy with sole party.
  • In the years 1970, Zambia is a base camp of the liberation movements and of guerilla of Southern Rhodesia, Namibia and South Africa
  • In the Années 1980, the economy of the country wavers and the 1990 are marked by the fall of the prices of the Cuivre and by the drynesses.
  • 1991 : The first political alternation: The UNIP of Kenneth Kaunda is beaten by the Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MANDELEVIUM ( Mouvement for the multi-party democracy ) of Frederick Chiluba.
  • 1996 : Progression of the opposition parties at the time of the elections.
  • 2001 : In accordance with the constitution, after two terms, Chiluba is replaced in December 2001 and Levy Mwanawasa, having taken the head of MANDELEVIUM, was elected president.

Policy

See also: Political of Zambia

Zambia is a parliamentary republic. The right to vote is granted to all the citizens of more than 18 years.

The right is based on the British system.

The legislative power is exerted by only one Room made up of 150 renewed seats every 5 years.

Presidents of the Republic

Provinces

See also: Provinces of Zambia

The country is divided into 9 provinces: Exchange, Copperbelt (capital: Ndola), Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern (capital: Livingstone), Western.

Geography

See also: Geography of Zambia

Surrounded by the Angola, the Democratic republic of Congo, the Malawi, the Mozambique, the Namibia, the Tanzania and the Zimbabwe, Zambia occupies a surface of 752  614 km ². The country in the shape of crescent is a kind of border between central, southern Africa and the East Africa. The natural landscapes are the hills, the top-plates and the bush. Rivers like the Zambezi or Kafue traced valleys in the landscapes. The country counts égalemnt many lakes (Bangwelu, Moero, Tanganyika, Kariba).

Climate of Zambia tropical east , though more moderate in altitude. The rain season begins in October and finishes in April. The principal river is the Zambezi, whose stopping of Kariba provides the country in hydro-electricity.

Among the natural resources are the Cuivre, the Cobalt, the Zinc, the Plomb, the coal, the emerald S, the Or, the money and the Uranium. Nevertheless l economy of the country remains primarily agricultural.

Some towns of Zambia: Lusaka, the capital, Kitwe, Livingstone, Kabwe, Kasumbalesa and Ndola.

Economy

See also: economy of Zambia

Zambia is a large cobalt and copper exporter. However, the layers being increasingly inaccessible and less rich person, the government tries to develop the agriculture of export (Cacahuète S, Tabac) and tourism. Zambia counts the largest national parks of Africa (reserve of Kafue) to the hands of private owners and the most imposing water falls of Africa, the Chutes Victoria. Schooling progressed considerably since independence in 1964. In 1997, 82% of the children from 6 to 12 years were provided education for, but this percentage falls to 28% for the section from 12 to 18 years and the rate of academics is even lower, therefore a company which manages to give an basic education to the mass but which with evil to form an elite…

January 1st, 2007, Zambian president Levy Mwanawasa rejected directives of the Funds international currency (FMI) aiming at founding new taxes in 2007 in his country, one of poorest of the Southern Africa.

Tourism

The country which opened with tourism in the years 1990 does not miss d´atouts in this sector. The territory counts many national parks. Like those of the Luangwa-south, plain of Liuva, Kafue or d´Isangavo. The tourists also come to admire the falls d´eau (Kasanga Falls, Chutes Cahvuma, Ngambwe Rapids, Wonder Gorge, Chutes Victoria). Livingstone Memorial is one of the rare historic buildings of the country. The tourists often place in lodge of the type safari .

Demography

See also: Demography of Zambia

  • life expectancy of the men: 36,6 years (2002)

  • life expectancy of the women: 37,3 years (2002)

Zambia has a population of approximately 10 million inhabitants (census of 2001). The rate of urbanization is of 43% of the total population. The rate of elimination of illiteracy reaches 75% (In 2005), and 73% of the population live under the Poverty line. The foreign debt of the country is of 6,5 billion dollars.

Culture

See also: Culture of Zambia

International codes

Zambia has as codes:

See too

External bond

Simple: Zambia Zh-min-nan: Zambia

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