The Yunnan (Chinese: 云南, Pinyin Yúnnán) is a province south-west of the Popular republic of China. Literally, the name means Southern Clouds .

Languages

Yunnan is incredible a linguistic Mosaïque. In addition to the Mandarin, the official language of China, the spoken languages in Yunnan belong to several linguistic families:

History

Yunnan was formerly independent at the time of the Royaume of Nanzhao 南诏 (649-902), then kingdom of Dian 滇, whose elites were of language Bai.

To XIIIe century, the province passed under the domination of the Mongols (Yuan dynasty). About this time, Marco Polo travelled in Yunnan and described its amazement in the account of its voyage.

Geography

Yunnan has landscapes of a very great diversity, arid plates of the Tibet to the tropical forests of the Xishuangbanna. Primarily agricultural province equipped with very fertile grounds (“red ground” of Yunnan) and with a generally lenient climate, Yunnan exports a very large variety of fruit and vegetables. Its capital, Kunming, are located in a basin at approximately 2000 meters of altitude, and are surrounded by rice plantations in stages (see Hani). It is called the “city of spring eternal”, in particular because of the lake which controls its temperature.

Several Fleuve S important crosses Yunnan of which:

  • the Mekong (澜沧江; lán cāng jiāng)
  • the Red River (红河, hong He)
  • the Salouen (怒江; nù jiāng)

The other cities are populated very little Source World Gazeetter

Economy

Yunnan is an area where the agricultural activity very strong and is very diversified because of its very contrasted climates.

One can of course quote the market gardening which one finds a little everywhere in China, but especially culture and the transformation of the Tabac in the form of Cigare S sold mainly in the province, and of cigarettes " Hongmei" sold in the whole of popular China.

The breeding holds to him also a relatively important place, the dairy production allows marketing in the province of products the such Rubing, kind of eaten cheese returned to the frying pan.

With Kunming takes place regularly the international horticultural exposure. The horticultural activity developed and this same for pinks produced under license.

Natural resources

Yunnan abounds in natural resources. Water of the mountains is very pure in North, the water of Lijiang is naturally slightly sweetened.

Fauna and flora

The province is known like the paradise of the plants and the animals. It counts more species of plants of tropical , subtropical origin , moderate and cold that any other Chinese province. They are as well old local species as of imported species from abroad. Among the 30.000 species of Chinese higher plants, 18.000 can be found in Yunnan.

The climate of the plate of Tibet in the county of Xianggelila, the North of Yunnan does not allow the production of fruits or of rice, they are thus brought since other areas of the province. On the contrary, in the Western South, the Xishuangbanna county; the tropical climate is favourable with an important production of banana, coconut and many other tropical fruits. The corn is produced on all Yunnan. The fields are generally of small sizes and the little mechanized culture. The moderate and wet climate of this province make it possible many mushrooms to push there of which some have many medicinal virtues. In Kunming for example, about September of many restaurant propose specialities of molten with mushrooms, made up of various mushrooms of the area.

The Spiruline also massively is cultivated there and sold at very handsome price in the shops of the or medicinal plants (between 150 and 200 yuans 500 G).

Minerals

More than 150 types of minerals were discovered in the province. Yunnan has sufficient rainfall and many rivers and lakes. The annual toilets flow originating in the province is 200 cubic kilometers, three times that off the Yellow To rivet. The rivers flowing into the province from outside add 160 cubic kilometers, which means there are more than 10,000 cubic meters off toilets for each person in the province. This is furnace times the average in the country. The rich abundant toilets resources hydro-energy offer.

Gravitational Yunnan is with its rich tourism resources, including beautiful landscape, colorful ethnic customs, and has pleasant climate. -->

Tourism

Yunnan is a very tourist province, because of its great diversity of landscapes and cultures. Among the tourist top-places, one finds:

  • Lijiang (丽江), undoubtedly the most beautiful city of Yunnan is an old city, with the culture Dongba of the Naxi which preserved any sound charms, while obtaining an aerodrome (landing with feeling in altitude) and infrastructures modern (Guan Fang Hôtel, 5 stars), surrounded by some old villages and in particular a site of safeguarding of the culture dongba.

  • Kunming (昆明), the chief town of the province, with its old houses, its many parks and its sumptuous and well arranged caves, Expo99, a Botanical exposure permanent and international in the past.
  • Shilin (石林) the Forest of stone, a park of more than 8 hectares where one can walk in vertiginous natural formations.
  • the Shangri it (香格里拉), area of the Plate Tibetan of high mountain, tourist at the border of the province of the Tibet, and the counties of Zhongdian, Deqin and Lijiang. Impressive the Throat of the tiger and the first bay of the Changjiang.
  • the town of Dali (大理), capital history of one of the minorities Bai, with its three Pagoda S (“turns” of Dali), are Buddhist temple overhanging the city and its pretty old city.
  • the pretty traditional city of Jianshui in the south of Kunming.
  • Even more in the South, superb rice plantations in terraces of Yuanyang and its coloured markets of the minority Yi and Hani.
  • the park of the minorities, near Kunming, has various ethnic minorities and their cultural identities.
  • the Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), inhabited to 75% by the minority Dai area bordering the Myanmar and the Laos. The climate is tropical there, the coconuts, banana trees and Mekong points out the Southeast Asia. One can visit there a botanical park of international class opened to the public, a park abriant a primary tropical forest and the presentations of cultures of various minorities of which the Aini. A lake shelters a spectacle presenting the culture of the minorities Dai. Producing area of silverware and silver jewels and invaluable stones, of banana and coconut. The Hulusi, Flute with hip made up of a gourd and bamboo, of culture dai is very developed in this area, but was spread in all China.
  • the town of Ruili, where an important community Musulmane saw (Pakistan ease). In emanates a very particular environment. Into full gold Triangle, it is also the seat of an important trade and traffic of Rubis, Jade and other invaluable stones.

Culture

Yunnan is probably the province of China knowing one of greatest cultural diversities. Indeed, in addition to the dominant ethnos group Han (Chinese), the authorities count twenty-five different ethnic minorities (approximately 8% of the population), generally attached to frontier countries. Some of these minorities exhibent very marked particularisms, like the Naxi (320 000 people), which have a language and clean writing, of other having languages and writing related to a close or frontier country like the Dai. The Mosuo (80 000 people) and the Aini have a social structure matriarcale.

It will be also noted that during the fastening of the Tibet to the Popular republic of China, a broad part of the plates Tibetans was attached to Yunnan, and with them a population of 120.000 Tibetans (minority Zang), has Xianggelila, the culture Tibetan is important; monasteries, schools (producing Thanka) and doctors Buddhist lamaic, breeding of the Yak for its meat, its milk (used with the), its hairs (fabric clothes industries), its horns (horn of music, rods…), language and writing Tibetan. Folk music typically Tibetan such as it is produced in Xixuangbanna, with the very powerful ways and using a large range of tonality. Many songs zang is found in karoké the, known ones and appreciated by the majority of Chinese.

In the county of Lijiang, the culture Dongba of Naxi (pictographic writing, religion animist and totemist, interfered Buddhism) is very present. The purely acoustic music remains very important in the culture naxi, whereas it is more often mingled with electric or electronic music in the other Chinese cultures. One can hear various orchestral formations made up of a score of instrumentalists.

In the county of Dali, Bai are majority, vêtus of costumes made up of white and other colors according to the branch of the culture bai.

In the South of Yunnan with Xishuangbanna, nearly 75% of the population is minority dai, of origin inhabitant of Thailand, the Hulusi, musical instrument dai is very widespread in this area. The production of silverware and jewels made up of silverware and the invaluable stones is a speciality of the men dai. They must in their culture find materials and produce the jewels for their future or current wives.

One generally locally finds the writings of these minorities on the panels with dimensions of Chinese Mandarin; Tibetan with Xianggelila, inhabitant of Thailand with Xishuangbanna or dongba with Lijiang.

See too

Internal bonds

  • List of the prisons of the province of Yunnan

External bonds

  • governmental Site -
  • Yunnan - Guide of front transmission OJ
  • French Gate of Yunnan

Zh-yue: 雲南省

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