The yttrium is a chemical element, of symbol Y and Atomic number 39.

The yttrium, which belongs to metals known as “Rare earths”, with the Scandium and the Lanthanide S, is discovered in the form of oxide by Johan Gadolin, Finnish, in an ore, gadolinite. Its name comes from the village Swedish of Ytterby where the ore was extracted. It was insulated by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.

Characteristics

It oxidizes slowly but, reduced powders some or chips, can ignite in the air.

One finds yttrium in sands of Monazite ((This, Th, Nd, Y) PO₄) and Bastnosite ((This, Th, Nd, Y) (CO₃) F), It is very difficult to separate from other metals of the same family with which he is always associated there. Yttrium appears in a great number of minerals, always associated with other rare earths:

• the Allanite (Sorosilicate), or orthite , the Bastnäsite,
• the Betafite and the Samarskite where it is associated with the Uranium
• and still the Euxénite, the Fergusonite, the Gadolinite, the Xénotime

These ores are more or less Radioactif S.

Less accessible, the lunar samples contain a notable quantity of yttrium.

Applications

• the vanadiate YV₄ and the Y₂0₃ oxide associated with europium is used for phosphorus “red” of the cathode tubes.
• It is constituent basic Grenat of yttrium-aluminum of the Laser S solid Infrarouge “YAG” (Wavelength 1,06 micrometer).
• It improves the mechanical resistance of the Aluminum, of the Magnésium. Added to the FeAl alloys it offers interesting prospects to them.
• This element returns in the composition of superconductive alloys which are currently the object of thorough research (for example YBa₂Cu₃O₇)
• In partnership with other oxides (Alumine, Silice) it makes it possible to manufacture very resistant refractory bricks
• One uses it like doping agent (in the form of Y₂0₃) in zirconias to make them conducting of oxygen. Major application in the combustible batteries to high temperature and present in the probes lambda, on the cars
• One also finds it in the Aimant S, of the Ferrite S for ultra high frequencies (garnet-red There-Fe), of special glasses, the diamond imitations,…

Simple: Yttrium

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