Yitzhak Shamir (in Hebrew: יצחקשמיר), born the October 15th 1915, is a Israeli Politician . He was Prime Minister of Israel of 1983 with 1984 and of 1986 with 1992.

Born with Ruzinoy, in Poland, it grows with Białystok.

He emigrated in Palestine in 1935. Its patronym was then Jazernicki , but it changed it later into Shamir .

It joined the Irgun Zvai Leumi, an organization armed Zionist with right-hand side of the time, which will make many attacks against the Palestinian Arab civilians between 1936 and 1939, period of the Grande Arab revolt in Palestine. The attacks will make approximately 250 dead.

When the group was divided into 1940, Shamir followed the most militant faction, directed by Avraham Stern, later known under the name of the Groupe Stern, or Lehi, faction which wished to reorientate the armed struggle against the British, and this following the publication by those in 1939 of one White paper on Palestine which indicated “the government of Its Majesty declares unambiguous today that it be by no means in its intentions to transform Palestine into a Jewish State”.

In 1941, Shamir was imprisoned by the British authorities. After the death of Stern, shot down by the British in February 1942, Lehi ceases its operations. Shamir flees in September 1942 of its camp of detention and becomes the chief of the Lehi, which it reorganizes.

At the end of 1943, after the escape from members of Lehi, the direction is reorganized, and it becomes one of the three members of the “center”, the collective direction of the organization. It is more specifically in load of the armed operations.

The organization takes again its attacks against the British as from the beginning 1944, in connection with the Irgoun. Under its operational direction, Lehi was responsible for many actions, of which the assassination in 1944 of the British minister of state for the Middle-East, Lord Moyne and the assassination in 1948 of the representative of the United Nations for the the Middle East, the count Folke Bernadotte.

Decree on August 2nd, 1946 in the raids which follow the attack against the hotel King David, made by Irgoun, Shamir is off-set in Érythrée, escapes in January 1947 again, and takes refuge in France, from where it will return only to the independence of Israel, in May 1948. From August 46 in May 48, Lehi functioned without him, but it takes again on this date its role of chief of the operations for the last operations of Stern (against the Arab villages), which proceed before integration within Tsahal on May 29th, 1948. After this date, Stern preserves only one operational structure at Jerusalem, where the attack against the mediator of the United Nations will be made, Folke Bernadotte, on the order of the “center”, of which Shamir.

After the independence of Israel, Shamir joined the secret services (Mossad), of 1955 with 1965, before being elected with the Knesset in 1973 on the list of the Likoud. He is president of this assembly in 1977, then Foreign Minister in 1980. In 1983, it succeeds Menahem Begin at the post of Prime Minister.

In spite of its reputation of falcon of the Likoud, Shamir directs in 1977 the Israeli delegation which meets the Egyptian president Anouar el-Sadate and the discussions of peace. It directs the negotiations israélo-Egyptian women of 1981 and 1982 in order to standardize the relations between the two countries, as well as the negotiations with the Lebanon which lead to the agreement of 1983, which was not finally ratified by the Lebanese government.

As a Prime Minister, his incapacity to control the Inflation led, under its proposal, with the formation of one coalition government following the elections of 1984, directed by Shimon Peres, member hitherto of the opposition. Fathers was Prime Minister until September 1986, where Shamir succeeded to him.

In order to be able to take again the post of Prime Minister, Shamir moderated his image of hard party. Re-elected in 1988, Shamir and Peres formed a new government coalition until in 1990 where the party of Fathers left the government leaving Shamir with a narrow majority.

In 1991, the Shamir government took share with the negotiations of Madrid and ordered the rescue of thousands of Ethiopian Jews, the Opération Solomon. The Shamir government does not react to the missiles Scud sent on Israel by the Iraq at the time of the first Guerre of the Gulf, and this at the request of the Americans.

Shamir left the load of Prime Minister in 1992, then the direction of Likoud in March 1993, not without to have firmly criticized the policy towards the Palestinians of its successor, Benyamin Netanyahou, which he considered too soft.

Functions

• Of the March 10th 1980 with the October 10th 1983: Foreign Minister.

• Of the October 10th 1983 with the September 13rd 1984: Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
• Of the September 13rd 1984 with the October 20th 1986: 1st Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister.
• Of the October 20th 1986 with the July 13rd 1992: Prime Minister.
• Of the December 22nd 1988 with the July 13rd 1992: Minister for Labor.
• Of the June 11th 1990 with the July 13rd 1992: Minister of environment.
• Of the November 27th 1990 with the July 13rd 1992: Minister for the Businesses of Jerusalem.