The yi a family of Langue S Milk-Burmese be spoken by the minority yi (彝) mainly in the Sichuan, but also in other areas of the Popular republic of China and to the Vietnam.
One counts to him more than six million speakers.
Phonetics
It has like characteristic Phonétique the existence of labial vowels Fricative S and Rétroflexe S (noted - ur and - yr in romanisation).
Writing
See also: Spelling-book yi
The yi is written traditionally by means of a spelling-book which is clean for him.
The traditional writing yie is a syllabic system logographic complexes including/understanding approximately 8 000 with 10 000 signs. Although similar to the Chinese writing in their function, the signs are independent in their forms, with very few joint things which can suggest a direct relationship between the two writings.
In 1958 the Chinese government tried to introduce a Alphabet romanized based on the Latin writing .
The modern writing yie (ꆈꌠꁱꂷ, nuosu bburma bʙ̝̄mā, or “writing us”) is a Syllabaire standardized and simplified, derived from the traditional writing in 1974 by the Chinese local government. It became the official writing of the languages yies of China in 1980. This spelling-book includes/understands 756 basic signs, founded on the dialect of Liangshan (“Fresh Mounts” in the South of the Sichuan), plus 63 for the syllables present only in the loans of the Chinese Langues.
Classification of the languages yies
Classification of the languages yies according to SIL.
Languages yies themselves
All these languages belong to the group of the languages yies, among the Northern sub-group of the group of the languages Lolo S.; Languages yies of China
-
Yi of Sichuan: ; it is the modern standardized form of the language yie, formed on an important substrate of the traditional southernmost yi (and loans with Mandarin), and the only form of the language which is taught. However one finds the varieties dialectal traditional following always alive:
-
southernmost Yi, or Us: the regional traditional variety whose the yi comes from Sichuan.
-
subfamily of the languages yies of the South:
- yi of Eshan-Xinping:
- Yi de Yuanjiang-Mojiang:
-
subfamily of the Eastern languages yies:
- Yi de Naluo:
- Yi de Wumeng:
- Yi de Wuding-Luquan:
- Yi de Wusa:
-
Yi of Guizhou:
-
subfamily of the central languages yies:
- central Yi:
- Yi de Dayao:
- Yi de Miqie:
- southernmost Yi lolopho:
-
subfamily of the Western languages yies:
- Yi lalu of Xishan:
- Eastern Yi lalu:
- Western Yi lalu:
- Western Yi:
-
Yi milk of South-east:
-
subfamily of the languages yies of South-east:
- yi of Awu:
- Yi d' Axi:
- yi of Azhe:
- Yi de Sani:
; Languages yi of the Vietnam
-
Mantsi :
- Laghuu :
Other languages milks, known as yies
Other languages milks are known as yies because they are spoken by population yies about China. However, one cannot speak about dialectal variety, because they are not easily comprehensible in the yies varieties North themselves. They are in fact closer to the family of the languages Akha, another language among the languages of the milk family, and the subfamily milk of the South.-
Langues milks, spoken in China (these languages do not gather in any subfamily among the family of the languages milks and are each one a subfamily; they are not easily interlligibles between them):
- Yi d' Ache:
- Yi de Limi:
- Yi de Mili:
- Yi de Muji:
- Yi de Poluo:
- Yi de Pula:
- Yi de Puwa:
-
Languages milks not classified, (these languages milks are not classified yet completely, they can possibly be subfamilies alone or belong to the Northern or Southern subfamily of the languages milks):
- spoken in China:
- Nusu :
- Zauzou :
- spoken with Myanmar:
- Laopang :
- Lopi :
There exist as well other languages milks in the Northern group as the Southern group, but they are not regarded as languages yies, although they recover territories of settlement mainly yi. One finds them in China, but also in Myanmar, the Laos and in Thailand (and include/understand in particular the languages Akha in the milk group of the South).
See too
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