Sometimes one finds in French the English denomination: the sixties , taking into account the economic and cultural radiation of the the United States and the the United Kingdom during this decade.

Events

Significant characters

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Literary prizes

Louise Bellocq. the door fallen down .

Cinema

Music

Economy & Company

Latin America

  • spectacular Growth of the intra-regional trade in Central America between 1961 and 1970: exports intra-regional are multiplied by ten, reaching 26,2% of the total of exports of the area. In 1970, the Guatemala and the El Salvador drain with them two 61,5% of the regional trade.
  • Stagnation of the growth to the Brazil (1962 - 1967).

Asia

  • With the Japan, the Japanese Miracle continuous; the Boom Izanagi makes that in 1968, this country becomes the 2nd worldwide economy.
  • At the end of the years 1960, after three years of dryness, 80  000 people would have died of hunger in Afghanistan.

Africa

  • average rates of increase in GDP of 1965 to 1973 in Africa vary between -0,8% (Niger) and a little more than 9% (Zimbabwe, Nigeria). The Botswana knows an exceptional rate of 14,8% (diamonds); the majority of the countries range between 3% and 4%.
  • In sub-Saharan Africa, the share of agriculture in the GDP pass on average from 47% in 1960 to 40% into 1965,35% in 1970; in same time, the share of industry increases by 17% to 20% then with 23%, while the tertiary sector takes the first place with 41% in 1970.
  • the decades 1960 and 1970 know a spectacular growth of the producing sectors of revenue (agricultural exports, mining and oil production). The colonial economic structures and imbalances are maintained: retreat or stagnation of the food productions whereas the population growth remains high (3% per annum); increasing importation of the food goods and the intermediate goods intended for industries; weak competitiveness of national industries; instability of the courses of the raw materials; narrowness of the interior markets and insufficiency of the interior saving; heaviness of the public expenditure; overvaluation of the currencies in particular in the zone CFA; deficit of the foreign trade in manufactured goods; maladjustment of the industrial projects; food insecurity.

Egypt

  • From 1965, the economic model nassérien is blown. The absence of exports involves a crisis of the exchanges related to the exhaustion of the foreign currencies. A plan of stabilization is set up with the the IMF. The book Egyptian woman is devaluated of 40%, the prices are increased, the reduced investments.
  • the population growth is of 2,6% per annum. Nasser lance a policy of family planning in November 1965 involving a fall of the population growth until in 1975.
  • the number of provided education for child passed from 1,8 million in 1950 to 4,6 million in 1965.

Western Europe

  • Of 1961 to 1970,13% of Spanish changed province: south-east is emptied with the profit of Madrid and Barcelona.

Eastern bloc

  • In the years 1960, the average growth rate of Rumanian industry is one of highest of Eastern Europe. The Rumanian industrial production was multiplied by two between 1960 and 1970. Starting from 1965, the Romania opens with Western tourism (Seaside resort of Mamaïa).
  • Recollectivisation of agriculture in Hungary with the beginning of the year 1960. The co-operatives obtain a rather broad autonomy of management, production and marketing. They admit old the Koulak S, sometimes as directors. The system goes and the food shortage disappears.
  • Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav foreign trade with the communist Soviet Union and the other states increases, but 70% of the trade are done with the neutral West and countries. In 1965 - 1966, economic reforms produce a “economic revolution”. The control of the central government decreases further and more responsibilities are given to the individual businesses and the trade unions.

  • Soviet Union:

    • disastrous Harvests of the years 1963, 1965, 1969, 1972 and 1975, due to the climatic conditions but also to the inefficiency of the agricultural sector collectivized and the rural migration of young people towards the cities. To avoid the famine, the USSR is forced to make massive purchases of corn to the Canada and the the United States, which increases its foreign debt.
    • Ievseï Libermann and other Soviet economists propose, starting from 1965, to somewhat soften planning centralized in order to increase the profitability of the investments and to stimulate the productivity. Without to question the collective ownership of the means of production, these economists recommend to grant to the companies a relative autonomy compared to the Plan and to restore the standard of the profit. Kossyguine then Brejnev, grateful that the methods of management are late on production capacities, joins soon with these ideas. A pilot project is launched in July 1965 in which four hundred factories of clothing and shoes take part; breaking with the established use, those base their production on the orders received rather than on the quotas fixed by the government. The experiment is extended soon to industry, agriculture, the haulage companies, the building and the communications. A suitable legislation is adopted by the Supreme Soviet as of October: to each company is allotted a working asset and a wage budget, but is with the local direction to decide use of the capital, payment of the wages (per hour or piece-rates) and granting of premiums. In 1969, a third of the national production is ensured by companies functioning under the Libermann system. During Years 1970, the approach of Libermann will be gradually abandoned.

Simple: 1960s Zh-min-nan: 1960 nor-tāi Zh-yue: 1960 年代

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