Years 1810

Events

  • France: First Fine Empire

  • of the wars of the Empire
  • the hegemony of the monarchy Austro-Hungarian

Significant characters

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

  • Economy & Company

  • France: the middle-class of Old Mode (traders, financial, civil officers, manufacturers) invested in the ground and preferred to change its assignats into land goods. The number of peasants owners passed from 4 million in 1789 to 7 million. This small farming community cannot always invest to be modernized, but she works hard to preserve her grounds and the production increases. The employees of industry are is “companions”, who control the complete knowledge of their trade and aspire to becoming in their turn owner (craft industry of the medieval type), is “chambrelans”, which have their instrument of work and process the product that the merchant-trader (dispersed manufacture) gives to him, that is to say factory workers, without technical qualification (concentrated manufacture).
  • the United Kingdom: Appearance and development in years 1810-1820 of the industrial classes which are fixed in the cities. A new manufacturing middle-class appears in the urban centres where a social segregation between the middle-class residential zones and the centres of working populations is created. The work conditions in the factories are particularly hard (constant rates related to mechanization, night-work thanks to lighting with gas, 12 to 15 work hours per days).

  • Estonia: Between 1816 and 1819 the tsar Alexandre Ier of Russia abolishes serfdom in Estonia: starting from the middle of the 19th century, the peasants will have the right to have grounds and the system of the forced labor is removed.

  • Poland: The 3,5 million inhabitants of the kingdom of Galicie is for 47,5% of the Poles, 45,5% of Ruthènes, then Juifs (6%) and Germans (1%). Lemberg account 40.000 inhabitants. The country is primarily agricultural. Industries (textile, glassmakings, breweries) rare and are dispersed. The few roads are bad, the deplorable medical condition (78 doctors for all the province in 1821). Metternich applies an absolutist policy in connection with the feudal elements.

  • Development of the sales network of the Haoussa with the formation of the empire of Sokoto and the expansion of Asante, starting from the bases of Salaga and Yendi. They make the trade of the Kola on the Volta with the Ashanti and of salt with the Bornou.

Simple: 1810s

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