Years 1750

Events

Africa

  • Between 1750 and 1850, the kingdom Kazembe, resulting from the empire Lounda, dominates the south of the Shaba.
  • 80  000 black slaves are off-set each year by Europeans towards America of 1750 to 1800.

New England

  • Riots of the farmers in the valley of the Hudson (State of New York) in the years 1750 and 1760 against the great landowners.

  • From 1750, the rise of the colonial population forces to find new grounds in the west, which involves conflicts with the Indians. The land prospectors of the East make their appearance in the valley of the Ohio, on the territory of a confederation of tribes, “Covenant Chain”, whose Iroquois are the spokesperson.

  • Publication of 400 independence lampoons of 1750 to 1776.

Significant characters

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Demography

  • the population of the Ground rises to some 830 million Men.

  • Twenty million inhabitants in the Holy roman Empire, including 80% of peasants.
  • the combined population of the England and the Wales is of 5,77 million inhabitants. About half of the population is illiterate, and an equivalent proportion lives in indigence.
  • Two million inhabitants to the United Provinces.
  • 15,4 million inhabitants in Italy.
  • 641  000 inhabitants in Norway.
  • 11,4 million inhabitants in Poland.

  • 2,5 million Indians to the Mexico.
  • the News-France account 80  000 colonists. The New England counts 1,25 of them million.
  • New England: 90% of the male white population are taught reading and writing. Only 40% of the women can read and write.

Economy & company

  • Mongolia: The number of the arates related to the monacaux pastures (chabinars), of 30  000 in 1750, increases until reaching 50  000 in 1810, 72  000 in 1862, 100  000 in 1911. The chabinars are free of the military service, the postal service and the faction. 20 to 40% of the population is aspired by the Church. This situation restricts the increase in population (celibacy) and slows down economic development.

  • the West Indies: About 1750, all the island of Java is dominated by the Dutch Compagnie of the Eastern Indies. Elsewhere, the Dutchmen government via the local princes, who live tributes taken on the peasants. With Sumatra, the Company uses them like intermediary of its trade by the counters of Padang and Palembang. The south of Borneo also attracts the company because of its pepper resources, diamonds and gold. The Moluques know because of spices the hardest mode. The quotas fixed at the fall by the Company on the clove and nutmeg cause the misery of the inhabitants who depend on the Company for their supply and the fall of the population. When the European markets claim more spices and that the prices go up, the Company forces to increase the production. But the populations refuse, fearing to have later to tear off their plantations. In spite of the prohibition of the transport of the seeds, the British and the French then introduce cloves and nutmegs into their colonies, compromising the Dutch monopoly.

Hungary

  • Several of the manufactures rested by the count Esterházy in Hungary go bankrupt in the years 1750.
  • the Hungary account in the middle of the century some 20  000 graduates, noble or commoners, the honoracior .

Great Britain

  • the epidemics of Typhus and Grippe save Great Britain as from 1750.

  • 15  000 people, arrivals of all Great Britain, settle each year with London about 1750.
  • the production of coal is of 5 million tons.
  • the British cereal output, estimated at 7 quintaux/ha in 1700, would have passed to 10,6 quintaux/ha.
  • Digging of 4  800 km of channels of 1750 to 1850, added to the existing network of 1  600 km of navigable rivers.
  • the toll roads constitute a network of 5  400 km radiant around London. They multiply during the two following decades to form one to add up 24  000 km, are the sixth of the British network.

Italy

  • Proletarianization of the farming community: the increase in the farm prices, more rapid that of the manufactured goods (textile), caused as of the end of the 16th century the investment of the inhabitants of the cities in the land one, which leads to a refeodalisation with the detriment of the small holders. With Venice, the inhabitants of the city have in 1722 15,9% of the surface of the grounds for 11,7% in 1636. In the kingdom of Naples and the Papal States are constituted latifundia with the profit of the nobility and clergy (increase in the goods of mortmain): the barons perceive 20% of the ground rent, the Church between 20 and 30%. With the Piedmont, clergy and nobility (3,5% of the population) have the quarter of the grounds, in the duchy of Milan, perhaps the three quarters. Put aside in Piedmont and Milanese, the grounds are not development (absenteeism of the feudatories which place managers, exploitations without technical innovation by more pressed sharecroppers, extension of the dry farming and breeding transhumant which leads to the impoverishment of the soil and the extension of the waste lands).
  • During the second part of the century, the fast population growth and the increased external demand for raw materials and agricultural produce (grain, oil, citrus fruits, rough silk, wool and cotton) involves in the Center and in North the formation of an agrarian middle-class resulting from the managers commoners who replace the owners absent, with depend on the remainder of the farming population. The action of the managers, the tax pressure (farmers general), the demographic pressure, the debt, strongly increase the number of days laborer and beggars. In the south, the latter form bands of brigands. Some fail downtown where they are dealt with by charity associations.

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Simple: 1750s

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