Years 1740

Arrived in Slovakia in Jewish years 1740 of of Moravie, where they are persecuted.

the use of the French replaces little by little that of the Italian at the court of Vienna.
the court of the Leszczynski to Nancy becomes the center of meeting of two cultures: the Polish tycoons go there while passing by Dresden, where the king resides, before visiting Paris and the Italy. In Poland develops a political literature which preaches the reforms with the works of Stanislas Poniatowski, the future king, of Stefan Garczynski and Stanislas Konarski. The influence of the Franc-maçonnerie is important. In the curricular area, the piarist Konarski founds with Warsaw in 1740 the Collegium Nobillium while the Jésuites reform their colleges of Lemberg, Ostrog, Warsaw, Lublin and Poznań by holding them for the noble ones. The number of the pupils increases (16 000 for the Jesuits).

24 million inhabitants in France.
the hereditary countries of the Habsbourg count 7,4 million inhabitants.
the Hungary account 3,6 million inhabitants.
Frederic II of Prussia reign on three million inhabitants and has an army of 81 000 men (200 000 in 1786). Berlin account 90 000 inhabitants.

While seizing the Silesia, Frederic II increases the Prussian territory of 36 000 km ² and its population of 1,5 million inhabitants.

At the 18th century, with strong regional disparities, the Church controls approximately 15 to 20% of the grounds, the nobility from 15 to 20%, the townsmen from 30 to 40%, the farming community from 20 to 40%. Noble, men of the church and middle-class men seldom put forward directly their grounds and entrust the exploitation of it to farmers or sharecroppers. The peasants owners often seek a complement of resources in rented grounds with tenant farming or share-cropping. The village communities, which manage themselves (quite communal, right of use, perception of the taxes), are subjected to the mode seigneurial.

Le lord is famous owner of the grounds of fining, and perceives for that of the royalties on harvest (champarts), on the services (banalities), on the ground (taxable quota), on the transactions and heritages (lods and sales), on the local store (rights of market, granting, toll). He is often owner of a portion of soil, the reserve, which is distinguished from tenures and censives of the tenants. When this direct is strong, the taking away are made lighter than if it is weak or non-existent.

Increase in the agricultural production in England thanks to the generalization of the agricultural innovations.
Expansion of exports, in particular that of the cotton and wool products, during the years 1740. The raw wool consumption doubles between 1740 and 1799.
the English company remains dominated by the ground owners. Surroundings 200 Lords, resulting from the old nobility, preserved their richness and certain privileges, of which that of elder to sit at the House of Lords. The gentry (15 000 houses), which has half of the ground, does not have any rights nor privileges. This aristocracy ensures the political and administrative framing (deputies with the communes, Justice of the Peace, officers, ministers, bishops). The farming community is divided into freeholders (owners), threatened by the great fields and the Enclosure S, farmers (farm) and cottagers (daily). The large traders dominate the economic world and often reach the gentry by the purchase of grounds. The merchant-manufacturer animate dispersed manufactures, providing auxiliary resources to the cottagers . No legal structure blocks the mechanisms of social rise.

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Simple: 1740s

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