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Climate

• Warming: increase of the glaciers in the the Alps (until in 1550 - 1600).
• wet Climate in Great Britain (1350 - 1380).

Events

America

Africa

• Mort in Ethiopia in the middle of the century of the monk Eustathéos, founder of the convent of Debra-Maryam, of which will leave many monasteries, competitors of Debra-Libanos. It makes destroy many crowned trees and pagan sanctuaries. At the end of its life it goes in pilgrimage in the monastic desert of Scété, into High Egypt, then in Arménie where it dies and is buried in large pump.

• the métropolite Abba Salama (death in 1390) is sent in Ethiopia by the patriarch Copte of Egypt. Under its episcopate, and thanks to the activity of monks translators of the Egyptian convent of Saint-Anthony, the dogmatic and hagiographic literature copte penetrates in Ethiopia. Collections of civil law and canonical, Sénodos, Didasqaléya, Fétha-Nagast, or Right of the Kings, are translated from Arabic. Saint Georges is quoted as of this time like owner of the country (Evangéliaire of Saint-Etienne of the Lac Haïk). The Ethiopian monks compose in parallel of many biographies of their saints founders (Abba Libanos, Abbo) and of the lives of the kings Zagoué (Lalibela, Naakouéto-la-Ab, Amda Seyon Ier). Siméon, the monk copte of Saint-Anthony, in the Egyptian desert, translated into Guèze the Synaxaire , where the lives of the Saints coptes are gathered.

Oceania

• Beginning of the traditional period maori E in the island of the north of the New Zealand. The population increases quickly and the tribes are constantly in war. Pa , of the massive ground cob fortresses with terraces are set up on the sides of the extinct volcanos, on the peaks and headlands, but also in ground dishes and in the marshes. They are reinforced and become increasingly numerous with time. Operating systems of the grounds are developed.

Significant characters

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Premièrere use of the gun on the sea.

• During second half of the century, the sect of the Strigolniki develops with Pskov and Novgorod. First great Russian heresy, it will be repressed and destroyed at the beginning of the 15th century.

Economy & company

America

• At the tribes Zunis of American South-west, the widened family (actually of the rather vast clans) rests on the woman in the family of which the husband comes to settle. The women have the houses and the grounds belonging to the clans. Women and men have an equal right on the produced goods and the situation of the woman is ensured better, since she lives in her own family and is authorized “to divorce” while preserving her goods.

Europe

• Financial crisis in the middle of the 14th century in Italy. The majority of the cities have their empty cases, in spite of a considerable tax pressure, because of the ceaseless wars requiring in addition to the men of the material (bombard…) sophisticated more and more.

• In France, after 1350, consequently of the devastations of the war, the tax pressure and the demographic disasters, the peasants do not hesitate any more to desert their villages to go where there are free grounds and better wages. The grounds left in waste land are initially the distant pieces where unfertile. The poorest grounds, cleared at the beginning of the century at the time of the demographic peak, are abandoned while the flat rich person of the Paris basin keep strong densities. Decline of the rural settlements induced a phase of land concentration.

• Offensive seigneuriale to maintain the Serfdom ( villainage ) in England (1350 - 1380). The complete drudgeries are reintroduced in the fields of the priory cathedral of Canterbury between 1340 and 1390. The accidental royalties and taxes are strongly increased. Lawsuits are brought with the peasants who deny their condition of “ unpleasant ”.

• Reduction in the number of the serfs to the Netherlands: “the men of maisnie ” pertaining to the Count de Hainaut decreased by 70  % since 1317. Their number will be still reduced half at the end of the century.

• After the plague and the revolts peerage-books in Crete, Venice must make there come from the insular Greeks and the Armenians.

• Regression of the Parisian vineyard between 1350 and 1400, due to the increase in the cost of labor.

Simple: 1350s