Years 1340
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Events
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Great epidemic of plague which touches all Europe and kills a third of its population.
Significant characters
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
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Beginning of the construction of the castle of Extremely-the-Slat
- Beginning of the activity of the Arsenal known as Closed of Galées which functions as a factory with the production of weapons.
Economy & company
- the civil wars of the 14th century involve a relaxation of the control of the Byzantine State: the Byzantine aristocracy benefits from it to obtain complete heredity on the pronoiai (ground yielded by the State with the help of a combatant service) and an increased tax immunity.
- Jean V Paleologist is the last Byzantine emperor to emit a gold currency, of better title but of reduced weight, with the effigy of Saint Jean-Baptiste, with the imitation of the Florin. The Byzantine penny ceases being a criterion.
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In Hungary, the Anjou, Carobert and his/her son Louis, restored a large part of the domanial property wasted or raflée by the tycoons brigands. They recovered some 150 fortified towns, that is to say half of the unit, and approximately 20% of the grounds. The exploitation of the Transylvania and gold mines of North supplements the royal incomes, to reach in the middle of the century a production representing the three quarters of gold extracts in Europe.
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Casimir III of Poland reduces the country loads, created villages of colonization and supports the commercial expansion (cereals, cattle, skins, wood, pitch, tar, cloths). By reorganizing the system of the tax, Casimir accelerates the development of the cash economy. Many cities are created and equipped with a statute (47 in Petite Poland, 32 in Large-Poland). More than fifty castles are built, about thirty agglomerations are strengthened, with their markets hall and their town halls with belfry.
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At the time of Valdemar Atterdag, the rural company with the Denmark is very treated on a hierarchical basis. Lords live their manors ( sœdegård ), manage their goods but do not cultivate them. At the top of the pyramid, one finds peasant-owners independent ( selveire ). Then the “intendants come” ( brydere ), enough rich person, who give a third of harvest to the lord owner, keep a third for them and a third for the future seeds. The landboer (colonists) owe to the owner a fixed royalty, the landsgilde . With the lower part of them exists a rural proletariat, the gårdssœderne , kinds of days laborer who in kind cultivate a small piece conceded by the lord against a royalty.
Simple: 1340s
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