Years 1080

10th century | 11th century | 12th century

Years 1060 | Years 1070 | Years 1080 | Years 1090 | Years 1100

1080 | 1081 | 1082 | 1083 | 1084 | 1085 | 1086 | 1087 | 1088 | 1089

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Events

Significant characters

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

  • the Guild S, as with Saint-Omer, are spread among the Artisan S and the tradesmen of Northern Europe.

  • the Chinese Shen Gua writes the Men ji tan Bi , collection of erudite notes, one of the independent sources of the Chinese scientific history (switches magnetized, relief maps, Imprimerie).

Arts & culture

  • the Tapisserie of Bayeux tells the victory Norman with the Bataille of Hastings.

Economy & company

  • Ninety million inhabitants is listed in China. The majority lives in the valley of the Yangzi Jiang or in the South.

Worsen Byzantine

  • Alexis Ier Comnène issues that senatorial quality is incompatible with the commercial activities. The new senators resulting from the middle-class must choose between their membership of the senate and their economic activities. The merchants are isolated aristocracy.
  • the usurper Alexis Comnène can strengthen his authority only by supporting the aristocratic party which carried it to the throne: it makes gift with its partisans and his family of many grounds, often confiscated on the Church. With regard to the other noble ones, the Comnène are satisfied n the other hand to yield part of the public domain ( pronoia ) of a contribution as a man and military material.
  • With Comnène, the land, military and provincial aristocracy constitutes the base of the tax and military system in the place of the small farming community, become very minority. Since the 8th century, the increasingly heavy taxation eliminated the weakest owners, and the taxes of failing falling down on the Co-contribables of the Chôrion, of new owners give up their grounds in their turn. To limit the defections, the grounds whose owner did not pay the taxes at the end of thirty years are withdrawn within the tax competence of the chôrion to the profit of the State. These grounds known as Clasmatique S are often resold with powerful what contributes to the prevalence of the great property.

England

  • William the Conqueror makes establish the Domesday Book, a census of the fields established at administrative ends (tax). It makes it possible to evaluate the population with 1  at that time; 500  000 inhabitants, rural with more than 90%. It counts 112 cities. London account 10  000 inhabitants, followed York, Norwich or Lincoln (approximately 5000).
  • the feudal company is then characterized by a distribution of its members in three orders, the clerks, the noble ones and the workers. Many contrasts moderate this table, in particular between high clergy and low clergy and within the nobility. This one is made up of an closed group of large feudal (the nobility ) which hardly counts more than 250 families. In lower part of it the “ gentry comes” which gathers the land lords of less scale to the multitude of the knights ( knights and squires ). The “commun runs” ( Commons ), mainly of the peasants, diversify gradually: craftsmen, merchants, traders play an increasingly active part at the point to confiscate with their profit the representation of the boroughs to the Communes.
    • the noble ones are above all the landowners who ensure their economic and social superiority thus. Holding as a chief receive their Fief S directly of the king, in exchange of precise services (council, Ost and financial aid). Their possessions are generally dispersed to avoid a too great concentration being able between the hands of some barons. Inside their fields, they concede strongholds with the noble ones of less row which become their Vassaux. The process is reproduced up to the level of the Manoir which is truly the basic cell of the social structure. This one is composed, around the residence of the lord, of the field or reserve, which belong to him into clean, and of the pieces conceded with tenants in exchange of an annual income in the form of various revenues and of the drudgery. The lord exerts also a right of justice on his tenants, but the geographical provision of the strongholds makes that no noble can assume the banal seigniory, i.e. the right to order instead of the sovereign.
    • the population commoner is divided between the free men ( freemen or sokemen ), who owe fidelity with their lord, are subjected to its justice, but can sell their ground, and masses it thefree ones ( villeins , bordars , cottars ) which is attached to the ground and can be sold with. Slavery persists especially in Cornouailles and near the Wales.

The communes do not appear yet in XIe century which does not know representative institutions, the Norman villainage is very specific, just as the statute of the serfs in the Anglo-Norman fields.

Simple: 1080s

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