Year and Lubin

Year and Lubin are two characters of a moral tale written by Jean-François Marmontel in 1761. The real history of Marie Schmitz and Gilles Dewalt of Spa, in is, according to certain, the origin although the historian of Spa, Guy Peeters, recently made the contrary and documented assertion of it. This couple will become however, de facto and of their alive, Annette and Lubin de Spa and will give its name to the hill at the top of which they resided. Year and Lubin became central figures of the inheritance spadois. The success of the moral tale of Year and Lubin was the object of settings in scene of various light operas, plays, ballets-pantomines, etc, of many editions and the translation in several languages of the moral Contes of Marmontel, and a rich iconography of the best artists of the time.

Biography

Gilles Dewalt and Marie Schmitz , seems to have been the children of two sisters living the village of Nivezée near Spa. Worms 14 years, these “cousin, cousin”, lost their respective parents and were established, in concert, orphans and poor, in Spa, near the Source of the Small cask, with the hollow of a rock, not far from walk the Four Hours of noble the bobelins.

To remain, they offered to the Bobelins, from the fruits of seasons, the goat's milk, the works of Vannerie, etc Marie, innocently, fell pregnant from works from Gilles, his cousin boyfriend. The local Church repressed this union of the flesh “against-nature” enfreignant the laws of God. A Lord and others bobelins took cause of it in front of the pope Benoît XIV, successfully.

In 1761, the Gilles young people and Marie, become gradually, Lubin and Annette, following the publication of the tale of JF. Marmontel reporting their history. They knew the attraction of all the Europe in stay with Spa.

Towards 1764, they were established on the plate of Spaloumont, offering a place of dance and entertainment for the people in service and the people of Spa, around their thatched cottage. The bobelins will not ignore any and, very quickly, this place will become an appointment of curiosities and walks of Spa for the noble curists.

In 1767 it is the writer Marmontel itself which will come three days lasting in Spa. This year, the tale of Year and Lubin already is translated and published into English, Danish, Dutch, Italian, Spanish and Hungarian. Year and Lubin de Spa become an alive legend. A few years before, the count de Creuz, ambassador of Sweden close to the kingdom of France, had also put in contact Marmontel and the type-setter inhabitant of Li2ege André Grétry in Paris. They had already written two together Op3era Comique S in 1765 and 1766.

Towards 1772, the knight of the Tool bag and his sister the baroness of Be worth will come to assistance of Annette and Lubin, one while making build a covered thatch room and a stable contiguous to their hovel, the other by collecting for them the sum of 3510 escalin S near the bobelins. In these years, one could read on the sign of the establishment: “ At Year and Lubin give themselves lunches and goûters. The lords and ladies who wish some are requested to order them before one day. It sells also all kinds of coolings with the ice, the, coffee and chocolate . ” Mrs. de Genlis, in stay with Spa in 1775, will write in 1782 in Adèle and Theodore : “We will walk on the mountain of Year and Lubin; we afflict ourselves that a little Annette either so ugly, and that Lubin sells beer, which harms the pastoral and pastoral ideas extremely. ”

In 1783, the businesses of Year and Lubin, in spite of apparent success, go badly. Lubin thinks of selling their thatched cottage and their trade. Once again, the bobelins their come to assistance and make even the project make them come to Paris.

In 1787, the duchess of Orleans in stay with Spa, went in camel, more once on the hill of Year and Lubin. Lastly, one invites them to Paris, where they go accompanied by the marquis de Cyran or by Argens, one does not know too much. They are exhibés there like high-speed motorboats in the living rooms, on the avenues, with the theater. A special representation of the opera of Favart has place in the presence of Marmontel and of Year and Lubin in person. A collection is organized there for them by Marmontel with the arm of the actress Miss Lange.

Year and Lubin returned in Spa to take again their trade, but on January 10th 1789, a decree the threat of seals and expulsion, without carrying out it, due to unpaid credits. Lubin, probably, however put fire at its farm in the hope that again one comes to him in pity from this unhappy fire. Mow, the trickery of Lubin is suspected and the compassion did not follow. Moreover, the revolution thunders with the doors of the Principauté of Liege and thus of Spa; the bobelins have other concern. However, still in April 1789, the painter and engraver, Philibert-Louis Debucourt, carries out in Paris a Estampe color of Year and Lubin of which 450 pounds of the product of the sale are intended for Annette via the Journal of Paris.

Lubin is withdrawn in wood bordering and lives as a hermit. It dies there in 1799, the same year as Marmontel, his “father of legend”. He also, was success then was withdrawn in 1787 in its native village of Bort-the-Organ to die there a few years later, in the indifference of Large. As for Year, one does not know exactly what it became after 1787. Certain sources locate it at Paris where it would have been allured. The local legend said that of despair and sorrow, Lubin would have been let go to this cloistered life.

Toponym

The hill of Year and Lubin located at the North of the town of Spa, Massive schistous wooded, is that which overhangs the Royal place and which knows in its top, a plate, the Spaloumont.< locality! --, where is established today (2005) the new center of thermoludism of Spa connected directly by a Funiculaire to the center of Spa, but also the vacation center Ground-Cress, created in the years 1950, and other luxury hotels such Balmoral or Dorint-Inn, which offer to the top of this hill a unspoilable view on Spa. A walk in laces with several Belvédère S carries out in approximately 20 minutes of the plate of Spaloumont to the Seven Hour old park in the center of Spa. -->

History

It seems that Annette and Lubin settled there since 1764. It is on the top of the hill of Spaloumont that the knight of the Tool bag, noble French bobelin in stay with Spa in 1772, made build in September, on its personal cassette, a “covered thatch room and a stable contiguous to the hovel” to help Annette and Lubin to be established with dignity and to open a place of restoration, offering beverages and produced season of the soil; the hill of Spaloumont became as of 1783, that “of Year and Lubin”.

At the beginning of, a hotel “Year and Lubin” was built, in the Alsatian style then with the mode, on the site even of the original establishment. Today, this hotel was demolished to make place with the new thermal baths of Spa (2005). During work of foundations, one discovered a well dug in the rock which was probably that of Year and Lubin to feed out of water the top of this hill, their residence and the place of restoration that they offered. They also had a Glacière, as there were the many ones in Spa to satisfy the refinement of their noble visitors.

Tell Year and Lubin by J. - F. Marmontel

Work

The tale of Marmontel falls under the line of the philosophical tales of Voltaire, his mentor, and in the continuation of the other tales which he will write under moral the Contes title. The latter are in Marmontel what the Fables are with the Fountain and the philosophical tales with Voltaire. Itself written in Marmontel, on March 25th 1765, " My dear fellow-member, your tales are full with spirit, smoothness and of graces, you avoid flowers the reason, one cannot read you without loving the author. I thank you for all my heart of the pleasant moments that you made me passer".

Year and Lubin were characters with the mode in the environment rousseauist and pastoral which reigned after 1760. Their state of good savages… laws of the men and more severe still, that of God… liberal principles of the Philosophers of the Encyclopedia.

The tale comprises only some pages but the account is powerful and clear, concerning and opening the imaginary one; its screen had very to like which wanted to read a beautiful story or, between the lines, an impertinence of time vis-a-vis it absolute capacity. But " these tales are all the entertainments of living room, of the readings aloud that Marmontel will transform without much difficulty into text intended for the publication for its public of readers aristocrats and the upper middle classes, primarily féminin".

Beyond literary work, Marmontel also became, without wanting it, the contemporary “father” of Year and Lubin de Spa. He will assume his “paternity fully of it” when in 1787, at the 80 years age, he made the collection to come to them to assistance after the opera éponyme. He will curiously however locate in his Memories the origin of Year and Lubin at Besons.

Origin

J. - F. Marmontel writes itself about this origin in its Mémoires published post-mortem on manuscript autograph of the author at NR. Xhrouet in Paris, in first edition, 1804. It locates the account made of this true story in 1761 in the chief of its friend Mr. de Saint-Florentin at Bezons where they were in holiday.

However, the historians of Spa to the XIXe century, Albin Body (1872) and Doctor Bovy (1838), are not any doubt about the erroneous place of Bezons. As for the person who would have reported this history, the question remains for them completely open, knowing that the place, obviously, is not exact.

While respecting the literary version of the Memories of Marmontel, the history of Bezons would thus have been transposed later in Spa on the two poor churls with the fate identical to the first. In addition to various reasons which could have pushed Marmontel to voluntarily locate the origin of the account at Bezons, let us recall that the author has, except the respect that one owes him, in these years of Memories (1792 - 1799), 70 years and more.

The historians who were interested in this question, thus make the assumption that in fact rather Bobelins (curists) many in stay with Spa then gone back to Paris would have reported directly or indirectly in Marmontel the history of which they had had wind or which they had observed in Spa towards 1760 and who would have inspired the tale of Marmontel in 1761. Recently, the historian of Spa, Guy Peters, retains on the basis of element documented on Bezons the version of the Mémoires of Marmontel.

Following advanced historical data on the spadoises families, of the interesting elements are also to note on the relations which could have taken place towards 1760 between the family Xhrouet of Spa and Marmontel, without being able to conclude for as much at some other origin from the account from Year and Lubin.

In 1757, Lambert Xhrouet de Spa is turner of the duke of Orleans to the Palais Royal, in Paris. It of it is sufficiently close that to present to this one, one his cousins of Spa which will obtain an employment there the same year. The porcelain painter with Sevres, Philippe Xhrouet of Spa, invents him, this year ostentation, the new color pink-Pompadour and makes the event in December 1758 with Versailles under the impulse of the marchioness. In the Street Saint-Honore, beside the Palais Royal, it is still Alexis and Jean Xhrouet de Spa who settle in 1761, as goldsmiths. In this same street, it is as the Parisian living room close, that of Mrs. Geoffrin, anteroom of the Académie, as Marmontel attends and where even it resides a time.

After having written the tale of Year and Lubin in 1761, it is the summer of 1767, which it goes to Spa, Café of Europe, without any doubt accommodated by Lambert Xhrouet become in 1760 Co-burgomaster and adviser of the town of water. It is still at NR. Xhrouet, printer editor in Paris, which will arrive, later, towards 1804, the manuscript autograph of the Mémoires of the author to be published in first edition with success that one knows to him: 4 vol. in-8° (1804), 11 vol. in-12° (1804-1806), 4 vol. in-12° (1805), 4 T. in 2 vol. in-8° (1807).

Without having hard copies of personal relations between Lambert Xhrouet de Spa and JF. Marmontel, it more than probable that they knew each other and met, at the very least, and is attended before 1760 in Paris and certainly the summer of 1767 in Spa. Let us note, in addition, that JF. Marmontel was named under the protection of the Pompadour, Secrétaire of the Building industries of the king, 1753 with 1758 and Lambert Xhrouet, in the same way, turner of the duke of Orleans and rider of the commun run of the queen.

European success of scene

Yearly of the Italian Theater , Origny, II, 9-10: " It seroit difficult to express the joy and the enthusiasm which excited the representation of Year and Lubin, Comédie in an Act, in worms, by Mad. Favart and Mr. L… It is the tale of Mr. Marmontel put in action; but the Authors added there the interesting episode of the removal of Year. It faudroit to point out all the details of the Part, to describe the beauties of them; there is no which is not in its place; The choice of the airs is matched with the situations or the thoughts; The attention and the taste do not sauroient outward journey any more loin." . One of greatest successes of Charles-Simon Favart was the representation of Annette and Lubin with the Château of Fontainebleau in 1762. This Op3era Comique was played many times of 1762 with 1792 with Paris but also with Large the Théâtre of the Currency to Brussels as with the Theater of Maastricht, with Caen, Rouen and Toulouse. The opinion of Nickel silver Grimm in February 1762, which held a correspondence on Parisian life for submission to the foreigners was however all contrary to the first above. "The marshal of Richelieu had a theater in sounds hotel, where, in 1762, for the first time, was played Annette and Lubin.
" March 31st, 1762. One played yesterday at Mr. Marshal of Richelieu Anete & Lubin of the Sr Marmontel. Miss Niessel faisoit Anette, & Clairval Lubin. This coin had greatest success. This day even one jouoit with the Italians the coin of Mrs Favart. Those which saw both, find the first infinitely higher. We read the manuscript: it us paroit that the Drama of St Marmontel is more ordurier. There is a interrogation of the Baillif, which unfortunately comes after that from the Right of the Lord. Remainder, one gives the palm to the two authors of the theater particulier." First opera written by the Martini Jean-Paul-Aegis, French type-setter of German origin. It directs the vault of the Prince de Condé, the music of the Count d' Artois and the theater of Mister. It dedication Year and Lubin with the count d' Artois, future Charles X. Its most popular music is that of the song Plaisir of love .
  • Musical comedy of Favart, representation in Paris in the presence of Marmontel and of Year and Lubin , 1787!
  • Opera: 1789, the Old age of Year and Lubin , Auguste-Louis Bertin d' Antilly, music of Vault:
"The masterpiece of Pierre-David-Augustin Chapelle (1746 - 1821) is the Old age of Year and Lubin (1789), although he did not write all the airs; the social strains of old are reflected in the finale, where peasants armed with their tools face the representatives of the order seigneurial" (César, electronic Calendar of the spectacles under the old mode);
  • Opera: April 30th 1791, the Revenge on the Baillif or the Continuation of Year and Lubin , Charles-Simon Favart, Louis-Emmanuel Jadin, Theater of Mister;
  • Dramatic ballet in an act, 1804, composition of Mr. Jean Dauberval, given to the theater by Mr. Jean-Pierre Aumer,… (Paris, Door Saint Martin's day, 3 Meadow Year XII), Paris, Bored, In-8°, 15 p.;
  • Representation at the time of the bicentenary of died of Marmontel in 1999. A Pastorale was played by the Company the Chelidonium, in the church of Bort-the-Organ, at the time of the days commemorative of 1999.

European best-seller

  • Republications of the moral Tales, 1761 with 1829, more than one score of time, in Paris, Avignon, Liege, $the Hague, Amsterdam, London or Florence. Digitalization by the BnF in 1997.
  • Translation and publication in 1767: English, Danish, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Hungarian
  • Example: Choice of the prettiest moral, old and new Tales, by Marmontel. Decorated of eight pretty new figures, Paris, 1817, in Saintin, commercial editor

Iconography

See too

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