Yanaon

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Yanam or Yanaon is a district of the Indian territory of Pondichéry, one of old the French Établissements of India, of a surface of 30 km ², wedged in the state of the Andhra Pradesh in the east of sound East Godavari District . Its population rises with some 32.000 inhabitants. One speaks the Télougou there.

Geography

The district is between 16° 42 ' and 16° 46 ' of northern latitude and between 82° 11 ' and 82° 19 ' of longitude is. The temperatures spread out between 27°C and 45°C in summer and 17°C and 28°C in winter, with a water content varying between 68% and 80% during the hot season. It comprises neither reliefs, nor forests.

The town of Yanam is located at the confluence of the Godâvarî and its affluent Koringa to 9 km of the sea.

The jurisdiction of Yanam extends on the city itself and the 8 villages whose names follow:

  • Agraharam
  • Darialtippa
  • Farampeta
  • Guerempeta
  • Jambavanpeta
  • Kanakalapeta
  • Kurasampeta
  • Mettakur.

History

First years

In 1723 Yanam was the third French colony established in India. It is mentioned in the book the Botanical garden of Yanaon of doctor-colonel Alfred-Alphonse-Leon Bigot (Colonel A. Bigot) that at the beginning, the French established a Entrepôt in 1723. The French Compagnie of the Eastern Indies establishes there a Comptoir on its behalf. As the businesses declined and that the business transactions had not produced the wished results, Yanam was abandoned in 1727. Because between 1720 and 1741, the objectives of the French were purely commercial.

Colony Dutchwoman

In the west of Yanam, one can still find " Neelikundilu" (wells of Indigo). It is said that the Dutch built a Fort here. It is called by the inhabitants " sâli kôta" because formerly the Tisserand S ( saalivandru in Télougou) there wove clothing after the departure of the Dutchmen. In this fort, they continued to keep to them currency, struck in Neelapalli, a nearby village.

According to the existing documents, we can say that the Dutchmen left Yanam before 1725. Some 25 km in north, they had a colony with Jagannadhapuram (Dutch Jaggernaikpoeram , English Jagannaickpore ), today with Kakinada between (1734-1795) and (1818-1825).

Inam de Bussy

It is said that this area was offered to the Marquis de Bussy, general French, by king Pusapati Peda Vijaya Rama Raju of Vizianagaram, in recognition of the assistance offered by Bussy in 1757 in the combat against the leaders of Bobbili.

In fact, it was into 1750 that the French leader, the Marquis de Bussy stationed with all his battalion close to Hyderabad. Many soldiers died of disease (Masuchi). It was in full financial crisis. Vijyaramaraju de Vizianagaram helped it to overcome the financial crisis and rebuilt its battalion. In 1756, Bussy visited him in Rajahmundry. It is said that Vijayaramaraju offered warm welcome to Bussy while going ahead of of him in Rajahmundy. At that time, the Maharaja S of Bobbili reigned with the full powerss. There were some disagreements between Maharajas de Bobbili and the Rajah S of Vizianagaram with regard to the capacity. Because of these disagreements and some other causes, the combat against Bobbili began on January 23rd, 1757. The war opposed the Rajah de Vizianagaram, Vijayaramaraju, helped by the Marquis De Bussy, general French, and the Rajah de Bobbili. During the combat, the fort of Bobbili was entirely destroyed and much of soldiers of Bobbili died.

Even now we can see a street named according to " Bussy" in Yanam. It is believed that Bussy lived a certain building of this street. Yanam is called Inam de Bussy (the gift of Bussy).

Era of Bussy and Dupleix

In fact, the city was taken again by Dupleix in 1731 while Pierre Benoît Dumas was General governor French Établissements of India. A Decree of Hadji Hasan Khan, nabob of Masulipatam, authorized the French representative Fouquet, then chief of the Company with Machilipatnam, to establish a " Cabin " in Yanam in 1731. Nawab Roustoum khan granted a paravana (Firman) gone back to 1735 for the French trade to Yanam. But this one was completely restored in 1742 during the reign of the emperor moghol Muhammad Shah. After 1742, the political reasons started to eclipse the commercial desire degain. All the factories were strengthened with an aim of defense. Mr De Choisis managed the city. He died there the October 27th 1747. Mr Sinfray succeeded to him. The annual rent was removed by a document of 1743 for Yanam. Mir Muhammed Ali Khan Walajah, Nabob of Slag, granted all the rights on the grounds located in front of the districts of Yanam in 1747. Unfortunately, the details necessary are not available for this period, i.e. of 1723 with 1750. Muhyi AD-DIN Muzaffar Jang Hidayat, Nizam of Hyderabad (1750-1751), confirmed the December 31st 1750 the sovereignty of the French on this territory.

In 1724, Asaf Jah Ier, the governor of Hyderabad, declared its independence compared to the Empire moghol in disintegration, claiming the title of Nizam (Nizam Al-Mulk) of Hyderabad. Asif AD-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang, the son of Nizam Al-Mulk, which was indebted of its rise to the throne with the French Compagnie in the Eastern Indies, granted the district of Kondavid (current Guntur) to the French in exchange of their services, and shortly after the others sarkars (districts). A Firman was granted by the emperor moghol, confirming all the concessions made with French by Salabat Jang, the Subedar of the Deccan. These concessions were in the form of donations and, during time, the name " Inam" (gift) was modified in Yanam (Yanaon) by the French.

In 1753, a paravana (Decree) of Asif AD-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang, Subedar of the Deccan conceded in Bussy the paraganas (tax districts) of Chicacole (Srikakulam), Ellore (Ellur), Rajahmundry and Mustafanagar (Kondapalli). With an annual income of 200.000 rupees for the maintenance of the French troops in the subah (province) in recognition of the assistance of these sarkars (districts), one reached up to 1 million Roupie S per annum. Bussy helped Salabat Jang to become Subedar of Deccan. The agreement made between the French and Salabat Jang with Aurangabad carries the signature of Said Loukshur, minister of Salabat Jang. Yanam acquired a considerable importance at the time of the occupation of the Sarkars of north by the French.

First British occupation

There is still a lack of information with regard to this place of 1753 to 1765. Another significant event in the history was the war between French and English fought in Chandurthi in 1758 in which French was beaten. Salabat Jang made a treaty with Britanniques and gave Circars Septentrional under a firmana (Decree) to English. Later Nizam rebelled against English. A second treaty was the result of war and of Circars Septentrional remained in a permanent way under control of British After 1760 French catch lost in India of the south, especially on Circars.Dans Septentrional 1765 Lord Robert Clive, the Chief and the Council then existing with Vizagapatam obtained from Mughal emperor Alam Shah an allowance of the five Circars.

A document dated May 15th, 1765 showed that the villages of Yanam and Kapulapalem with the other grounds were given by Jean the hill white and George Dolben, the English men delegated by Pybus of Jean, the head of the English payment in Masulipatam with the Mr Yoan Yacques Panon, the French Police chief delegated by the Law of Jean de Lauriston then Général of Governor of Pondichéry, to take them over. This document mentions that France entered the possession of Yanam and its territories dependant with the exemption on any export and all import taxes.

The possession shortly after fascinating of this payment, Mr.Panon obtained a Firman of the leader of Rajahmundry granting French freedom full with trade to Yanam and another one of Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur (Asaf Jah two) calling upon Zamindars of Circar Mustafanagar not to slow down the trade of French.

Yanam was located in the province of Peddapuram in the jurisdiction of Sri Rajah Vatsavaya Kala Thimma Jagapathi Bahadhoor (Timma Rajah). French had a modest building located here a league of the sea, on Coringa of river which small vessels could enter. Documents of 1765 light of launching on an argument of a market or a weekly fair in Yanam. A weekly market used to be held here over every Tuesday (Even now the market only arrives in Yanam over this Tuesday). People used to come to him to buy all once their essential food products for a week.

Neelapalli, a village bordering of Yanam was under the British at this time. They is almost 3 km. Far from Yanam. People in this village also used to hold a fair Tuesday. Thus there was a conflict of interests between Yanam and Neelapalli. After the correspondence prolonged with the English authorities in Madras, the French authorities in Yanam managed to change the fair of Neelapalli at another day of the week, Saturday. Over this way, Yanam triumphed over its Neelapalli over neighbouring village.

Between 1778 and 1783, Pondichéry was under the British occupation. There is still the lack of information because of its subsequent English Occupation. Yanam was still restored with French in 1785. Mr.Mallhendre took the possession of him and Mr Bluter made a success of it. It was recommended to support to them the businesses of the Company of French India of the east and to protect the interest from some specified merchants.

After Bolting, Sonnerat of Mr Pierre (August 18, 1748 - To waste 31,1814) became the chief in 1790 in Yanam. He was well-read man. He had a major interest in the Natural science. He wrote a book the " TRAVEL TO the EASTERN INDIES AND CHINA” In 3 volumes. He appreciated much the Sonority and the Music of the language of Telugu. He managed Yanam during the time of the French revolution.

The French revolution had its effects in the different ways in all the old French payments. The French trade with Yanam was considerable at this time. The Law of Jean de Lauriston, the Governor of Pondichéry (1765-1766) declared in his " Memory of 1767" like " it is of Yanam that we obtain out better “guiness” (the beautiful fabric). It is possible to have a trade here a value more than one million lives by the year under the circumstances more favorable than these in which we are now placed, but always by giving in advance the much preceding one, which us never were in a position to make. Of this place we also got teak, oils rice and the other grains both for the men just as for the animals. A port commercial, Yanam appreciated another kind of advantages of importance.le which can be derived in one time of war from alliances which French can conclude it to us with several Rajahs who or later cannot fail to be dissatisfied earlier with English. Although English gained an effective control over Circars, Yanam made able French to enter the secret relations with the local leaders. Yanam had some importance commerciale".

It was a center for the factory of salt and this salt constituted the major part of the quantity imported by French in the area of Bengal. It was also an important center of cotton articles and provided most of the homeward cargo of the French boats visiting India. Some French citizens in Yanam were entirely occupied by these two kinds of profitable businesses and they did not have interests in the political questions and administrative which were entirely left to the chief or the commander. The Indian inhabitants wanted that nothing better than to be party in peace to continue their activities of exchange.

Mister Pierre Sonnerat, the Chief of Yanam, was implied in these businesses with the other tradesmen. Its commercial engagement brought serious consequences to its administrative post office. The petitions were made against him in this connection, in Chavalier De Fresne the Governor then French in Pondichéry. On the 5.6.1790 a French man Of Mars complained against him for the first time.

By this time, Pondichéry under the influence of the French revolution had formed STI already the representative committee. But no action was received the favor of Mars by the Governor or this committee of STI. Naturally, the French citizens in Yanam were impartial in the businesses of Pondichéry due to its failure.

The control lost again French over Yanam can be because of British. During 1793 and 1816 Pondichéry was under British control. The control lost again French over Yanam can be because of British. If, Yanam fell three times in the hands from the British. After the wars Napoleonean, by the Treaty of Paris (1814) Yanam with the factory with Machilipatnam was finally turned over to French 26e on September 1816. Of then it was continuously under the French control until it obtained independence.

It also was previously called as kalyanapuram because MANY people of will andhra comes and makes marriages (the marriage mainly Enfant) here since the French government does not oppose mariages.dans child 1936, the Population of Yanam is right 5.220.

After British Raj in 1947 Yanam became independent remained under French control until on June 13rd, 1954, when it joined the Republic of India.

A treaty of transfer was signed by the two countries in May 1956. It was ratified by the French Parliament in May 1962. August 16th, 1962 (of the Day of Swears) India and France exchanged the instruments of ratification under which France yielded to India full sovereignty over the territories that it held. Pondichéry and the other enclaves of Karikal, Mahé and Yanam came to be managed like the Territory of Union of Pondichéry of July 1st, 1963 (of the Day in Fact).

The Transfer of Yanam

The Conditions became intolerable in Yanam after its mayor and its other representatives of Yanam adopted the resolution of fusion. The mayor, the mayor of deputy, and over 200 people is taken refuge in the adjacent sectors of the Indian Union. To supervise of and the committed vandals of Yanam attacked refugees on the Indian ground. It was whereas the refugees walked in Yanam under the direction of Satyanandam de Maire and took again the administration. After having hoisted the Indian National flag, they adopted a resolution declaring " Yanaon has Libéré".

Famous characters

The First Poet of Bay-tree of Andhra, Chellapilla Vincata Kavi (1870-1950), one of the duet of Tirupati Venkata Kavulu famous lived here. Many poets such as the Villa Reddi Naidou, V.Vincataswami Naidou and Samatam Krishnayya the last lived here and wrote many books in Télougou. Samatam Krishnayya was an activist pro-French and was killed by military Indian while Yanam being seized. He died by shouting " Live France".

The famous politician in the twentieth Century first, Bezawada Bapa Naidou (Former Mayor De Yanaon), was the very famous person and a powerful politician in his times. Unfortunately, he was assassinated in Pondichéry. It was a mystery of shown for its death. After its death its faction became the week and even his/her brothers or sisters were also not able to continue in the policy of Yanam as it made.

One of its 7 advisers in (Municipal council of Yanaon) was Mister Diwan Bouloussou Soubramaniam Sastroulou (Former City council man De Yanaon), was the very eminent personality and the honest partisan of Bapa Naidou. Mr Bouloussou had been one of (the jurys De Yanaon) and even he worked like Diwan for Manyam Zamindar before being elected like Counsillor. He is the only famous politician of the class of Brahmane of elite which is a minority in Yanam which in the majority of Kaapu. He was one of the very rare, authentic and humble politicians of his time. Its Fame was so high that each General of Governer of Pondichéry which came in Yanam, used to visit its house. His wife Bouloussou Sooriya Prakasam was the proper sister of former minister of Income of Madras, Kala Venkata Rao. Mr Bouloussou Died in 1941.

Bapa Naidu the adversary Kamichetty Venougopala Rao Naidou bitter (Former Mayor De Yanaon) was also leading famous and had been in the policy in French Yanaon. After the death of Bapa Naidu, He became the mayor of yanam and even its family became very dominant in the policy of Yanam for atleast almost 50 years from there. His/her son Kamichetty Parasurama Varaprasada Rao Naidou (Old MLA and the Loudspeaker, Pondichéry) dominated the policy of Yanam after his independence for almost four decades. He was elected like MLA more than five times and had been even the loudspeaker for Pondichéry. He was a very influential figure in the policy of Yanam until his death.

See too

External bond

  • Official site of the area

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