Xylophagous
Literally: whose food Régime is composed of Bois.
Says animals which in an adult state or of Larve eat the Branche S and/or the trunk S or the roots of the dead or alive Arbre S. They are generally Invertébré S, and in particular of the Arthropode S and especially of the Insecte S pertaining to kinds and varied species and more or less specialized (some consume only the wood of only one gasoline, and for example only the Tronc, or that branches or that roots), others consume only wood flaring or softened wood, etc).
They can also be insects whose larvae consume boards, beams or other objects out of wooden, most known in the world being the Termite, of which there exist many species.
The majority of the insects known as xylophagous cannot digest only the Cellulose and/or the Lignine. They thus cooperate with Champignon S and/or Bactérie S symbions presents in their digestive tract (ex: Termitidae), or in the substrate, which prédigèrent wood for them.
The Saproxylophage S consume only wood in decomposition (dead tree).
Several families have xylophagous manners: the Lépidoptère S Sesiidae and Cossidae, the Coleopter S Cerambycidae, Buprestidae, Scolytidae and Curculionidae, the Hyménoptère S Tenthredinidae count xylophagous Espèce S.
The xylophagous ones have the many predatory ones (which eats them or parasitize them) in the world of the insects, and some birds, of which the family of the Peaks.
Threats
The xylophagous invertebrates count among the species most threatened in Europe and in the Northern hemisphere, because of the rarefaction of the Deadwood, following the too intensive exploitation of the Forêt S. In a moderated primary forest, approximately 1/3 of wood present died and in the course of decomposition. In the majority of the forests exploited, except locally after the passage of the storms, there does not remain enough any more large, the very large one and old deadwood (which does not freeze in heart), hard, tender and average, upright or laid down, dryness with immersed… and it is rare to find more than 1 to 3 trees died per ha in diameter higher than 40 cm. To obtain a forest écolabel such as FSC, the sylivicultor must prove that it preserves a significant and sufficient quantity of deadwood, to preserve the ecological communities saproxylophages and their functions.In France , IFN class in " large bois" the trees whose diameter with 1,30m height exceeds 47,5cm. But certain CRPF classify the trees from 40 to 60 cm like " large wood " , and with beyond like " very large wood ". The IFN notes that the trees of these diameters (which would be regarded as very average in a primary Forêt moderate normal) are more numerous with being " capitalisés" in the public forests, in Corsica (50% of timberings) and in the areas where the functions aménitaires of the forest are important (Brittany, Aquitaine, Champagne-Ardenne, Picardy). These trees however are very often cut before reaching the stage " very large bois" or deadwood, which limits their interest for the organizations saproxylic.
It was proposed to voluntarily preserve deadwood (instruction within ONF in France), including downtown and in the gardens to try to slow down the erosion of the Biodiversité at these species, with for examples the Chronoxyle S which aim at associating a teaching action with it.
In Poland, biological Corridors are maintained for these species, in the national ecological network.
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