Xe front century J. - C.

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../. | | | | | eighth century BC | ../.

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

Beginning of the subatlantic thermal recession (-1000 at our days).

Americas

Cultures of the old horizon in the the Andes of the Center and the South. Development of important companies.
Civilizations Adena in the wooded areas of the East of the the United States - the Ohio, the Kentucky, the Indiana, the Pennsylvania and the Virginia-Western - (-1000/-100). Rich person tumulus bordering artificial hillocks.

Asia

Neolithic Culture of old bronze in the north of the Vietnam (time dôngsonienne).
Ceramic late of Round of applause Chiang with geometrical reason red-on-cream in Thailand (-1000/-650).
the technique of moulded bronze extends in the Korean peninsula starting from China from North.

Indian sub-continent

the Aryens enter to the Gujerat.
About the year -1000, the priests dominate the company. The system of the Caste S appears. They is at that time that the crowned texts of the Hindouisme are written, the Veda.
vedic Literature of the Sûtra (according to the tradition).
Beginning of the drafting of the Mahâbhârata (?).
painted gray Pottery and objects of iron in the area of the Gange (-1000/-600).

Europe

Greek world

Age of iron in Greece.
the practice of the Incinération of dead spreads on the territory of the France.
Of the strengthened sites (Oppidum) develops on the hills in Western Europe.
the metallurgy of iron develops in the area of the Aegean Sea and in Central Europe.
Cition is the first colony phenician with Cyprus.
the Phocidiens and the Athenian Anaximène found Phocée.
Foundation of Théos in Ionie.
Offerings (terra cotta figurines) with Olympie.

Italy

Fine of the construction of the Nuraghe S in Corsica Sardinia and , which had started towards 1660 av. J. - C..

In the south and the east of the Italy, one meets several regional or local cultures like those known in the Picenum and in Apulie. Most important, the culture “of the tombs with pits” (Fossakultur) occupies the Tyrrhenian slope of Italy of the South (Calabria, Campanie, Ischia).

the culture “of the tombs with pits” is thus named because deaths are buried there in surmounted rectangular pits of a small stone pyramid. Funerary furniture is rich (weapons, jewels out of bronze) and of the funerary reliefs of meal attest of a belief in beyond.

the civilization of Golasecca is established around the lake of Like and the lake Majeur. It will be swept by the Celtes.
the Vénètes and the Atestins, around Este and in Venezia, are probably originating in Illyrie.
the Ligures are established in Provence and Ligurie.
the Iapyges (Dauniens, Peucétiens, Messapiens), originating in Illyrie occupy the south-east of Italy (Apulie).

Iapyges are in the beginning great agglomerations and produce an original ceramics with flat, resistant to the Greek influence until the

the Italiotes, Indo-European are fixed in Italy: Latin (Eques, Herniques, Lucaniens, Marses, Picéniens, Sabins, Volsques) and Falisques on the the Tiber, then Ombriens and Sabelliens in the Tuscan Apennin, Osques and Samnites in the the Abruzzi.

Western Europe

Civilization of Hallstatt in High Austria (-1000/-725) characterized by bronze swords and large iron swords. These men belong to people vénéto-illyrien which will extend his domination on all the Central Europe and Italy of north.

the riders with long sword, order hitherto unknown, appear sporadically in the tombs, surrounded by rites and accompanied by object it service with drink, the imported exotic products, falls it to tank, finally but-which precede the symbols of the new leading class. The assembled horse is one of the innovations which distinguish the participants in the capacity. The tumulus of the necropolis of Charia (the Jura) delivered five long swords hallstattiennes, together with elements of harnessing or according to the tombs of a basin on board beaded out of bronze, near to those produced at the 8th century by the culture of Villanova in Italy of North.

the Pictes or Pictons are the first Celtes, come from Suisse, to advance in Gaulle until the Spain and in British Isles.
the Goidels, probably Celtes settle in Ireland as of -1000 with -800 from where they dominate the tin mines of the archipelago. They find on the island of the organized companies of origin ibère.

Eastern Europe

the Cimmériens, of Indo-European origin, dominate the southernmost Russia, the the Crimea and the Ukraine (-1000/-700).
Separation of the Ougriens (towards -1000/-500). Training of the Magyar people in trimmings of the the Ural of the South, between the the Volga and the Kama (Bachkirie). Their parents vogouls and ostyaks would have migrated towards north.
Arrived of Finno-ugric tribes coming from the the Ural on the shores of the the Baltic.

Oceania

Of the people Lapita (future Polynesians) begins their migration of the West and is attested in the islands Tonga and Samoa in the neighborhoods of the year -1000.

The Middle East

Of -1080 with 931 av. J. - C., under the direction of the king Saül then of the king David, the Philistins are contained then pushed back about the year 1000 av. J. - C. the legend of the victory of David on the giant Goliath illustrates the fall of the Philistines.
Foundation of the Kingdom of Juda (925 with 587 av. J. - C.)
In 901 av. J. - C., the king Solomon, the son of David, builds his temple, the Temple of the king Solomon. But after king Solomon, the separation of the two kingdoms of Juda and Israel becomes inevitable.

Kingdoms Araméens of Damas, Alep, Arpad, Sam' Al, Hama, and Guzana on the site of Such Halaf, Halupê Bit on low Khabur, Zamâni Bit with Amedi for capital (today Diarbakr). The Chaldéens, close people, settle in the area of Ur.

the excavations of Sam' Al (Sendjirli) in the Taurus gave information on the enclosure and especially on the palate formed by the regrouping of several hilani (monuments formed of a stage and accessible by a porch to columns, typical of architecture hittite) around a court, decorated with orthostates carved.

the Phéniciens become the principal commercial power of Raising. The sailors phenicians cross the strait of Gibraltar (before -1000).

In Mésopotamie, the economic axes of the Age of Iron do not recover exactly those the two millenia previous: the Euphrate loses its role which had been already reduced in thousand-year-old IIe. No important city thrives more in the loop of the river. On the other hand the East-West axis which skirts Piedmont of Taurus does not cease taking importance and plays a crucial role as show to it the interest which the grant to him permanently Assyrian. This transfer does not come owing to the fact that agricultural activities or pastoral have periclity in Babylonia or in the old country of Sumer, but that the commercial relations with the countries of the Arabo-Persique gulf and the Indian Ocean know for a few centuries a real decline. The center of balance is now in north, the meeting between the plain and the mountain, which provides iron.

Significant characters

David
Solomon, king of Israel (996 with 926 av. J. - C.)

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

Africa

Practical of the copper smelting in the Air.
the use of the Araire gains the septentrional Ethiopia.
Introduction of the sheep and the domestic bovines to the extreme south-west of the Africa. Ceramics. The aridity prevents the total adoption of the agricultural way of life.

Asia

technique of the moulded bronze reached the Korea since the Mandchourie.

the objects of bronze (daggers in the shape of quadrant, mirrors with incised decoration and harness of draft horse) are frequently in the Korean tombs, covered of stone slabs in north, roofs posed on stones drawn up in the south.

the introduction of the iron tools makes it possible to intensify the clearing of the area of the Gange. The culture of rice develops.
the groups of pastors are majority in the eurasiatic steppes. The completely wandering economy of the steppes is founded on the extensive breeding of the horses, the bovines and the sheep, with the supplement of agriculture and hunting.

The close East

With, as the calendar of Gézer attests it, in southernmost Palestine, the use of the alphabetical system spreads with all Raising it. Inscriptions of the 9th century were found Transjordanie with the Euphrate, while passing by Damas.
In Mésopotamie, the Chevaux become enough powerful to be gone up.

Europe

the Celtic company becomes increasingly treated on a hierarchical basis, substituent with the structures of the Bronze Age of the local chefferies which accumulate richnesses.
Hills strengthened in Western Europe.
the horse is domesticated in Scandinavia. The culture of rye and the oats is spread.
the use of the incineration spreads in Scandinavia. The rites of burial evolve to the individual burial, in particular in stone sarcophagi ( stenkistor ). Worship returned to a solar divinity and to the gods of fertility-fruitfulness, attested in the representations of large the Petroglyph S ( hällristningar ). Richness of certain tombs (very decorated weapons, jewels). Musical instruments (lur).

---- History | Chronology

Nds-nl: 10th eeuw v. Chr.

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