XXe front century J. - C.

OJ | III | II

../. | | | front century J. - C. | | | ../.

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

the period of the front century J. - C. in the east known under the term of Average Egyptian empire. It was one time of peace and prosperity, however disturbed by the invasion of the Hyksôs. The capital is Thèbes.

Site of hunters-gatherers of Gwisho, in Zambia: stick to be excavated used to unearth the roots and the tubers, arrow of wood, rise probably formerly of a point of reed and poisoned.

Fine of the occupation of Mohenjo-daro in India.
Statuette out of copper of a dancer of Mohenjo-daro. Chest of a man dancing, preceding the representations of Siva.
Iranian Potteries in the valley of the Gange.

onomastics shows that at the beginning of the III three groups occupy the Anatolia: the proto- Hittites, or Hatti, which gathers all the established populations of long time and which often amalgamated. Then the Hourrites, numerically dominating in certain areas, sometimes main of cities. Finally the Hittites and the people which theirs are related like the Nésites and the Louvites, that one finds in the Western territories.

the Hittites, Indo-European people come from the east of Europe by the the Bosphorus or the the Caucasus arrived, at least for some of them, with the OJ, as suggest it major affinities existing between civilization hittite and those of cities like Acala Hüyük. The word “Hittite” gathers three people (luwili, palaumnili, nashili) made at different times but speaking about the very close languages. It is by small groups, sporadically, that they settled with the country of the Hatti. The impression thus dominates that they represented only one minority and their language does not comprise more than 20% of Indo-European words.
Hittites adopt a clean hieroglyphic system of 400 signs approximately, slowly set up starting from the beginning of III. It is used in the monumental inscriptions or in the seals from It will survive the collapse of the empire a little, but will not have a real posterity.

the Hourrites, originating in the the Caucasus and attested as of the medium of the third millennium, create kingdoms in Syria and Palestine. They adopt the wedge-shaped writing and the language akkadienne.

At the Hourrites, the crimes are sanctioned only by fines. The woman occupies a privileged position and enjoys very wide rights. They speak an agglutinant language very different from spoken Semitic or Indo-European.

Bronze Average I in Greece (-2000, -1800)
Destruction of Troy during the Indo-European migrations.
Time of the palates in Crete (-2000, -1400): Cnossos, Phaistos, Tylissos, Malia, Haghia Triada, Zakros. Urban centres appear, which succeed, on the same site, at restricted agricultural communities. These first palates are prestigious buildings, organized around a rectangular court, which comprise storerooms, parts with religious function and rooms of pageantry with columns. They suppose a central capacity and the participation of the community for their construction.

civilization crétoise uses sailing boats, which allow a flourishing trade with the Egypt (vases of stone, ivories, seals Egyptian against pottery crétoise, copper, tin, flax, wool, wood, etc). Regular relations seem to exist with the Cyclades (Théra, Mélos, Céos) and Égine, and from there with the Attique and the Thessalie. A colony crétoise is attested in Castri, on the island of Cythère, which allows the relations with the Peloponnese (Lerne and Haghios Stéphanos).
the company crétoise seems to be a company of justice and freedom, where the development of the market economy and an important division of the labor go hand in hand with the individualism and the release of all the elements of the spirit and the culture. The woman has a strong on all the levels of economic life, social, political and religious position. Its prosperity leads Crete to one dazzling cultural blooming.

the site of Kolonna, with Égine, with its powerful ramparts, its commercial importance, the presence on its vases of “marks of potters”, has a advanced political organization.

has Égine (site of Kolonna) forward the cycladic vases. The city produces itself of ceramics and the grinding stones of stone, exported towards the Attique, the Béotie, the Argolide and the Eubée. One found there the first furnace metal complexes this time.

the traffic of tin and copper ingots develops between the Égée, the Raising and Cyprus () then the the Western Mediterranean (Italy of the south, Sicily, Sardinia with).
In the Cyclades, growth of the cities, often strengthened. Development of the metallurgy and the economic structures. Exchanges with the Greece and the coast Anatolia.
total Disappearance in Cyclades of the marble figurines.
In continental Greece, the culture minyenne (ceramic monochromic smoothed) remains village and little treated on a hierarchical basis. Economic stagnation.

In Australia, falls to it 108 from Roonka Flat, includes/understands a body of man and that of a child, with fastened, fringe skin garments of feathers of bird, pendentive in bone, collar, traces of ocher dyeing. The cranium of the adult carries a stringcourse of 2 lines of incisors of Wallaby bored and laid out.
In Korea, late introduction of the millet into agriculture, coming from China.
In Crete, construction of the first palate of Cnossos.
Use of the turn of potter in Crete.
Invention of the Wheel to rays and rim, lighter, which allows the construction of tank S of war. The Hittites introduce them with the Cheval in Anatolia.

Random links: