XXVIIe Egyptian dynasty

Shortly after the defeat of Psammétique {{III}} in Péluse, the kingdom of Egypt passes to the hands Perses (-525). But the Egypt has a vitality and a too powerful originality to fall immediately to the row from simple province: it forms in the Persian empire a state with share whose sovereign Achéménide is the Pharaon.

Cambyse {{II}}, Pharaon of this Persian under the name of Mésoutirê, fails in these companies on the Ethiopia and the oasis of Ammon, and maltreated its new subjects in an access of madness (-525/-522). On the contrary, Darius {{Ier}} works of sound to better stick them, with in particular the construction of Suez Canal.

Thus, after several unfruitful insurrections, under Artaxerxès {{II}}, in -404, Amyrtée, drives out Persians. This one becomes the only Pharaon of.

Prosperous area after the economic opening of the period saïte, Egypt remains marked by the cosmopolitanism and the interbreeding of its elites (autochtones, Libyens, Syro-Palestinians, Cariens, Greeks) more or less integrated in the Egyptian medium. The Persian capacity reinforces certain foreign garrisons (Juifs of Elephantine), founds news give economic (introduction of the currency). He seeks to be based on the local elites, showing a large respect of the customs and habits in exchange of the tender required. The rallying of these elites appears to be easily carried out (autobiography of Oudjahorresne); the Persian sovereign agrees to be presented according to the Pharaonic tradition (titulature, iconography). However, for the first time, it is not a question of a egyptianized foreign king, alive in symbiosis in a true cultural community. The Persian Pharaon keeps his own cultural identity.

Pharaons of the dynasty

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