XIVe century

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Years 1300 | Years 1310 | Years 1320 | Years 1330 | Years 1340
Years 1350 | Years 1360 | Years 1370 | Years 1380 | Years 1390

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ---- The century begins on January 1st 1301 and finishes the December 31st 1400.

Events

Oceania & the Pacific

  • Increase in population and endemic war in the Northern island of the New Zealand after 1300. On the Southern island, the population and the number of sites decline.
  • the Maoris of New Zealand drive out the giant bird Moa and other elements of fauna until extinction; the subsistence depends from now on on agriculture in the island of North (sweet potato, roots of fern).

America

  • Series of rainy years in the South-west of the North America starting from 1300 and during all the 14th century.
  • Prosperity of the kingdom Chimú, on the northern coast of the Peru (1300 - 1440), with Chan Chan for capital, which covers more than 20 km ².

  • First establishment with Cuzco.

Africa

  • Towards the beginning of the 14th century, the son of a chief of the small kingdom of Boungou, named Ntinu Wene or Nimi has Lukeni, originating in the valley of the Kouango, founds the kingdom of the Congo after being imposed to the chiefs of the close tribes. It establishes its capital with center of its kingdom, in chefferie of Mpemba, with military camp of Mbali, from which several forwardings will leave which will lead to the annexation of the Nsundi, Mbamba and Soyo. In addition nearby kingdoms, the Mpangou and the Mbata, pay a tribute with the sovereign of Congo which takes the title of Manicongo or of -Congo.

  • Môrunta, king of the Bamum, takes the title of mfo rifum and crosses the Mbam to install its supremacy on the plates of the west Cameroun board (14th century according to the tradition, end 16th century or beginning according to certain historians). Ten eight sovereigns of its dynasty will succeed to him until the 19th century, of which Nshare, Mbuembue and Njoya.

  • At the 14th century, the Ouadaï, in the east of the Kanem - Bornou, is controlled by animists chiefs who are can with little replaced by men come from the Darfur. The latter reign during one century on this territory which plays a secondary part until its conversion with the Islam at the 17th century.

  • Civilization of Jebba and Tadda (south-western of the Nigeria), on the edges of the Niger (- 17th century). A legendary sovereign founds at the 14th century a kingdom which would have given rise to a civilization whose artists were perhaps inspired by those of Ife and of Oyo. The produced statuettes have as a common point to have the eyes exorbities.

  • At the beginning of the 14th century, with the Senegal, the Moslem dynasty Toucouleur is reversed by a pagan dynasty which reigns during one century.

  • the Dominican ones of Bartolomeo de Tivoli settle with Dongola, in Nubie, at the beginning of the 14th century at the time or a Moslem governor is named by the sultans of the Cairo. At the same time, Génois Leone Vivaldi tries to reach the Abyssinie, but it fails.

  • Apogee of the Arab counter of Pie in Eastern Africa.

Asia

  • Of 1300 with 1600, the history of the Bhutan is crossed by conflicts between various elites until the capacity returns to Dharma rajah, spiritual leader, and with a deb. rajah, responsible for the temporal businesses.

Europe

  • Epidemic of plague which killed a third of the European population.
  • War One hundred Year old.

  • Arrived of the Rroms to Europe at the beginning of the century while passing by the Greece. Come from India of North (11th century), their way can be recalled by the loans of Persan, Kurdish or Greek words in European the Rom dialects which one finds. They remain in Greece nearly one century before settling in all Europe. At the beginning of the 16th century, they will reach all the countries of the continent, including the Russia, the Scandinavia, the British Isles and the Spain.

  • Appearance at the 14th century of two new offices in England: the Wardrobe, charged to raise the troops of the king in his fight against the barons, and the Office of the private Seal, which authenticates the acts of the sovereign taken apart from the council dominated by the noble ones.

  • Wallachian Colonization in the areas of Eastern mountain of Slovakia during the century. They are pastors who develop the mountainous areas and the valleys then slightly populated, encouraged by the local lords. They introduce the Eastern orthodoxe rite.

  • the nobility of Bohemia is organized on the German model, establishing a difference between the nobility of the direct auxiliary “barons” of the king and the minor nobility of the knights ( Ritter , rytiři ). As in Germany, the federalisation of the company occurred since the 12th century, but of old local habits were maintained, such the “right of the ground” (juice terrae, zemské právo ), just as a class of free men which will give the knights. At the 14th century, the noble class replaces old the župan , the such family of the Vitkovci which has patrimonial fields and strongholds in Bohemia of the South and Bavaria and which, although Czech, is allied by blood with the Bavarian aristocracy.

Significant characters

Political leaders

Writer S

See:

  • French Writers born with the {{S|XIV|E}}
  • Italian Writers born with the {{S|XIV|E}}

Philosophers, humanistic

See: Philosophical and theologists of the {{S|XIV|E}}

Painters

  • Italian Painters of the {{S|XIV|E}} having worked with His and the Palate of the Popes of Avignon

Exploring S

Scientist

Soldiers

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Information technologies

  • Appearance of the Paper in France (beginning of the 14th century, appearance in Spain in 1056, invented in China with -).

Explorations

  • the Book of the wonders of the world (Ca 1356, critical study carried out by Christiane Deluz) made state of possibilities of " circumnavigation". It is written by the English knight Jean de Mandeville starting from accounts of missionaries Franciscain S and Dominicain S. There exist 250 specimens about it, in three initial versions, and in a whole of vernacular languages. It draws its interest owing to the fact that, in Occident and in the world not cultivated (Albert Large the and Roger Bacon had introduced information at the 13th century into the Université S), one was not aware of the rotundity of the ground . The work was written in the particular context of the Guerre One hundred Year old.

  • At the beginning of the 14th century, Génois Lanzarote Malocello discovers two islands of the archipelago of the the Canaries.

  • Explorations with the {{S|XIV|E}}

Techniques

  • Improvement of the Weaving loom in Italy North, Flanders and England.

  • connecting rod-crank Couple, transforming the rotary movement into reciprocating motion (capital invention),
  • metal Gears,
  • First Clock S mechanics, about 1300,

Armament

  • the Powder with gun, arrival of China via the Arabs, starts to be used by Europeans. It is initially used in small guns, that the Italians name “ bombarded ” then, starting from the end of the 14th century, in rifles.

  • Arc,
  • Crossbow (to be checked).

Music

Economy

  • First purse with Bruges at the beginning of the 14th century.

Medicine

  • First oral anesthesia.

Environment

  • First edict anti Pollution, prohibiting the gas emission stinking in Paris, by Charles VI, in 1382.

Economy & Company

  • agriculture develops in the valley of the the St. Lawrence.

  • the necropolis of Sanga, in the east of the Zaire, watch differentiation of the social body. Before 1300, the tombs contain ceramics and objects of metal, from which jewels of copper, extracts 300 km in the South, Kansashi and Kipoushi. Later, they comprise also imported goods; shell-porcelains, shots glass, ceramics fine, cruciform copper ingots and iron gongs.

  • the population of Western Europe counts 54 million inhabitants.

  • At the beginning of the 14th century, Bordeaux regularly exports 850.000 hectolitres of wine per annum towards Northern Europe, particularly England.

  • Retreat of the British vine growing at the 14th century.

Art & Culture

  • the Trecento anticipates the Renaissance in Italy. Except for Avignon, the remainder of the occident east during one time of devastation, consecutive with the Great plague, which decimates more of the third of the population.

Architecture

  • In Europe, the Palate of the Popes of Avignon, built at the request of Clement VI, is an important artistic hearth, where work of the teams of painters coming from all the Europe.

  • the dynasty Shirazi of Kiloa (Eastern Africa) built at the beginning of the 14th century an impressive palate, “ Houssouni Kouboua ”.

  • Construction of the Palate nasrides of the Alhambra to Grenade.

Painting

In Europe, the painter S are often originating in His.

Theater

The theater makes its appearance in occident, often in front of the Parvis of the cathedrals.

See too

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Beats-smg: XIV omžios Be-X-old: 14 стагодзьдзе Fiu-vro: 14. aastagasada Nds-nl: 14th eeuw Simple: 14th century

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