Wrocław (; German Breslau in ) is more the old city of Poland, and the fourth city by order of size. It is since 1999 chief town of the Voïvodie of Low-Silesia (between 1975 and 1998 chief town of the Voïvodie of Wrocław).

The city is crossed by a river, the Oder, and four of its affluents: Bystrzyca, Oława, Ślęza and Widawa.

The city was candidate to organize the International exhibition of 2012, which will take place in Korea.

History

See also: History of Wrocław

This city was created at the 10th century and was known under its old Polish name Wrocisław and under its Latin name Vratislavia . The city was managed by the dynasty Piast but was not regarded as as important economically as Liegnitz (Legnica) or Brieg (Brzeg) which were the administrative centers of Silesia before the 15th century. It followed the fate of the Silesia, passed from the Poland to the Bohemia (in the Germanic Empire) in 1335, then with it in 1526 with the Austria. In 1745 it was attached to Prussia after the War of succession of Austria. As the remainder of the Low-Silesia it was deeply germanisée. It entered the German Empire with the remainder of Prussia in 1871, and remained German after 1918. In 1945, the area was attached to Poland and the German-speaking ones expelled to the profit of other refugees (coming partly from the territories lost by Poland in the east of the Curzon line).

From August 25th to 28th 1948, a World congress of the intellectuals for peace is held in Wrocław: it constitutes the founding document of the World council of peace in this symbol city of the victory against the Nazi Germany.

Demography

Remarkable buildings and places

  • Market of the centenary ('' Hala Stulecia '')
  • Ostrów Tumski
  • Panorama Racławicka
  • Place Grunwaldzki de Wrocław
  • Église St Elisabeth ('' Kościół św. Elżbiety '')

Famous characters of the city

  • Andrzej Sekula (1954-) - film producer

Nobel Prize

chronological list per years of obtainings

Schools and Universities

List universities and universities of Wrocław:
  • University of Wrocław ('' Uniwersytet Wrocławski '')
  • polytechnic University of Wrocław ('' Politechnika Wrocławska '')
  • Academy of medicine of Wrocław ('' Wrocławska Akademia Medyczna '')
  • Academy of physical education of Wrocław ('' Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ''),
  • Academy of economy Oskar Lange de Wrocław ('' Akademia Ekonomiczna im. Oskara Langego '')
  • Academy of agronomy of Wroclaw ('' Akademia Rolnicza we Wrocławiu '')
  • Academy of the fine arts of Wroclaw ('' Akademia Sztuk Pięknych we Wrocławiu '')
  • Conservatory superior of Music Karol Lipinski de Wrocław ('' Akademia Muzyczna im. Karola Lipińskiego '')
  • 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of theater ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna )
  • University of officers Tadeusz Kościuszko de Wrocław ('' Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych '')

Private establishments:

  • Wyższa Szkoła Filologiczna
  • Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa Edukacji TWP

Economy and transport

The city is today the most important economic and administrative center of Low-Silesia and experienced a fast development since the fall of Communism in 1989. One of the main issues in the urban development is always the unemployment which oscillates 12% around (2005).

Principal companies of the city

  • Volvo Polska sp. Z o.o., Wrocław
  • Apsys Polska
  • Siemens, Wrocław
  • Hewlett Packard, Wrocław
  • Grupa Lukas, Wrocław
  • AB SA, Wrocław
  • Polifarb Cieszyn-Wrocław SA, Wrocław
  • KOGENERACJA S.A., Wrocław
  • Impel SA, Wrocław
  • Europejski Fundusz Leasingowy SA, Wrocław
  • Telefonia Dialog SA, Wrocław
  • Wrozamet SA, Wrocław
  • American Restaurants sp. Z o.o., Wrocław
  • Hutmen SA, Wrocław
  • MPEC Wrocław SA, Wrocław
  • SAP Polska
  • Hologram Industries Polska

Policy

List mayors of the city:

  • Friedriech August Carl von Kospoth (1812-1832)

  • Gottlieb Donatus Menzel (1833-1838)
  • Gottlieb Karl Lange (1838-1842)
  • Hermann Julius Pinder (1843-1848)
  • Alexander Julius Elvanger (1851-1863)
  • Arthur Heinrich Hobrecht (1863-1872)
  • max von Forkenbeck (1872-1878)
  • Ferdinand Julis Ernst Friedensburg (1879-1891)
  • Georg Bender (1891-1912)
  • Paul Matting (1912-1919)
  • Otto Wagner (1919-1933)
  • Helmut Rebitzky (1933-1934)
  • Hans Friedriech (1934-1945)
  • Ernst Leichtenstern (1944-1945)
  • Bolesław Drobner (1945)
  • Bolesław Iwaszkiewicz (during the years 1960)
  • Bogdan Zdrojewski (1990-2001)
  • Stanisław Huskowski (2001-2002)
  • Rafał Dutkiewicz (since 2002)

Districts of the city

The town of Wrocław is divided into five districts:

  • Fabryczna
  • Krzyki
  • Psie Pole ( literally: Field of the dogs )
  • Stare Miasto ( Old woman-city)
  • Śródmieście ( Downtown area )

Communications

  • Airport nearest Copernicus de Wrocław ''
  • Highway A4
  • Highway A8 (project)

Sport

There exist many professional teams of sport in Wrocław. Most popular being however those of Basketball and Football.

Male professional teams

  • Bergson Śląsk Wrocław - (in the past: Deichmann Śląsk Wrocław, Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Śląsk Wrocław, Śląsk ESKA Wrocław, Śląsk Wrocław, CWKS Wrocław) male team of Basketball, account 17 championships of Poland (2006)
  • WKS Śląsk Wrocław - male team of Football, victorious of the championship in 1977, victorious of the cut in 1976, 1987, victorious of the super-cut of Poland in 1987)
  • WKS Śląsk Wrocław - male team of Handball
  • Atlas Wrocław - male team of Speedway
  • Gwardia Wrocław - male team of Volley ball
  • Gwardia Wrocław - team of male Boxing
  • Whodunnit Wrocław - 2nd male team of Football (in 3rd league)
  • KS Hefra Gwardia Wrocław - male team of Volley ball

Professional teams female

  • ZEC ESV Gwardia Wrocław - female team of Volley ball
  • AZS Wrocław - female team of Football
  • AZS AWF Wrocław - female team of Handball
  • AZS AE Wrocław - team of female Table tennis

Twinnings

External bonds

  • Official site of Wrocław
  • virtual Visit of Plane Wrocław
  • of the city
  • Hotel in Wrocław
  • the Web site of Śląsk Wrocław
  • Airport of Wrocław
  • the zoo of Wrocław
  • Wrocław of today and formerly
  • Postcards of Wrocław
  • Photographs of yesterday and today

Sources and references

  • Microcosm , of Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse (ISBN 8324001727 - translation of Polish)

Be-X-old: Уроцлаў Simple: Wrocław

Random links:Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr | Merwan Rim | Annenieki | Beautiful arts magazine | Osečenica

© 2007-2008 speedlook.com; article text available under the terms of GFDL, from fr.wikipedia.org