Work of the ground

In Agriculture and Agronomy, the work of the ground is carried out by a series in farming ways realized using ploughing implements and intended to create in the ground a medium favorable to the development of the crop plants. They can be carried out before the installation of a culture, or during its development.

Objectives of the work of the ground

In general the farming ways aim to improve the physical status and mechanics of the ground. They also play in an indirect way and more or less marked on its chemical and biological properties.

One can quote among the main aims of the work of the ground:

  1. improvement of the structure of the ground: that consists in reducing its tenacity and its compactness, thus creating the conditions more adapted to the development of the roots and facilitating the execution in other farming ways;
  2. increase in the permeability and porosity: that facilitates the infiltration of water, which has several effects: to limit stagnant water as well as the streaming on the surface, source of erosion, to improve balance between water and the air in the ground thanks to the faster flow of water in excess, and finally to support the refeeding of underground water reserves;
  3. preparation of the bed of seed: the crumbling of the mounds creates an environment which places the seed S under the best conditions of Germination by facilitating their contact with the particles of the ground and their humidification.

The work of the ground can also have many other effects, such as for example:

  1. the limitation of the infestations by the adventitious plants,
  2. the limitation of the water losses by evaporation,
  3. the equalization of the surface of the ground,
  4. the hiding of Manure, amendments or other substances such as weedkillers of taken.

Various types of farming ways

The realization of these objectives generally requires the combination of several farming operations, combination which can vary according to the type of culture and its farming precedent, the nature and the state of the ground and the climate. From this point of view, one can distinguish:
  1. the Ploughing S,
  2. the Skim plowing S,
  3. surface ways:
* before ploughing: the Stubble-ploughing,
* after ploughing, for the preparation of the grounds: Harrowing, Rolling,
* for the maintenance of the cultures: Hoeing, Ridging.

From the point of view of the executory mode, one can also distinguish:

  1. manual operations, using simple tools,
  2. mechanized operations, calling either upon the animal haulage, or with mechanical machines.

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