Woman of letters

In its work a room with oneself , Virginia Woolf (see quotations ) analyzes the influence of the Female condition on the artistic work of the writer are. Discouraged, attached, the talent of some Femme S of Lettres could be only the pale reflection of what it could have been in social and financial circumstances more favourable with the exercise of their Article.

Subversive writings

Except notable for the correspondence, the literary activity of the women was regarded for a long time a form of insanity or, at best, as an eccentricity. Generally excluded from the cultural life, the women were forced, vis-a-vis a social structure trying to minimize or disparage their artistic activity, to publish their works in an anonymous way (Jane Austen) or under a male pseudonym. It is the case of the Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Anne and Emily, of George Sand and George Eliot. Besides Jane Austen wrote in hiding-place his. Virginia Woolf thinks that except notable for Jane Austen, the writing of these women was always skewed by a resentment and a rage with respect to their condition.

The ideas that they introduced into their writings were so subversive for the moral Ordre represented in the Western countries which deployed designs similar to those having milked in the company victorienne that these women of letters admitted exposing themselves to the criticism of their male counterparts without having right of reply, in which case the opprobrium would have been considerable.

A marked opposition

In order to consider mentalities of the time, it is advisable to specify that Arthur Schopenhauer published at this time its Essai on the women and that the Western thought, in particular its Philosophie, was impregnated German Idéalisme: cruel, descriptive test of a time and a condition more than of a kind (see quotations, Schopenhauer ) - but over very illustrative owing to the fact that freedom of thought was valid according to the authority of the author among his pars recognizing it, of the men of letters. Virginia Woolf for its part points out, not without derision, that if the men write considerable quantity on the women (some having for authority in this field to be only men, not even university nor scientific), are extremely rare those which write on the men. In spite of this situation, the use of stereotypes denying the Féminité is not generalized among these intellectual Sirs (see quotations, John Stuart Mill ).

The first stages towards an autonomous expression of the thought, apart from the male modern State, nevertheless were reached by them, in the boudoir of the solipsism in which the environment of their time relegated, and through their epistolary exchanges.

It is thus very natural that one finds the most unsubdued attitudes at the end of it among the movements Anarchiste S, making face with their comrades at the time of the Spring of the people and the Commune of Paris.

First feathers

One can thus quote Mary Wollstonecraft which is regarded in the United Kingdom as instigator of the feminist philosophy , largely before the topic is not with the last style.

If, in France, Olympe de Gouges, which would be its equivalent at the time of the Révolution, is rather known as playwright, one can reasonably interpret this classification like an act post-mortem, realized in a second reading related to the middle-class company of which set up in social class winner of the revolutionary age.

Flora Tristan brought, as for it, the first steps of internationalism in what, retrospectively, one would describe like the the First vagueness of feminism.

Quotations

Virginia Woolf

“a woman born equipped with a gift with would certainly have become insane, would have killed or finished its days in a solitary thatched cottage with orée of a village, half witch, with half magician, fear and subject of the mockeries” Virginia Woolf, a room with oneself

Arthur Schopenhauer

John Stuart Mill

… If, moreover, we consider that to include/understand a woman, it is not necessarily to include/understand another of them; that, could we study the women of a certain row and of a certain country, we would not include/understand for that the women of another row and another country; that, we arrived to fills this task, us known still only the only one period old women of the history; we feel the right to affirm that the man could not acquire on the woman, such as it was or such as it is, without being concerned with what it could be, that a knowledge deplorably incomplete and surface, and that it will not acquerra other, as long as the women themselves will not have said all that they have to teach us| John Stuart Mill, the subjection of the women, 1869.

Some écrivaines French-speaking

Eliette Abécassis - Laure d' Abrantès - German Acremant - Juliette Adam - Laure Adler - Marie d' Agoult - Charlotte Aïssé - Juliette Aleth - Virginia Ancelot - Christine Angot - Christine Arnothy - Emmanuelle Arsan - Elena Arseneva - Brigitte Aubert - Cecile Aubry - Olympe Audouard - Sophie Audouin-Mamikonian - Marie-Catherine d' Aulnoy - Anne-Marie de Backer - Catherine Baker - Anne-Louise Élie de Beaumont - German Beaumont - Léocadie-Aimee Doze - Simone de Beauvoir - Béatrix Beck - Sophie d' Houdetot - Jeanne Benameur - Juliette Benzoni - Catherine Bernard - Anne Bernet - Karin Bernfeld - Emmanuèle Bernheim - Bessora - Raphaëlle Billetdoux - Nina Bouraoui - Isabelle of Orleans and Bragance - Sophie Coury de Champgrand - Isabelle de Charrière - Maryse Choisy - Maryse Condé - Helene Cixous - Colette - Sophie de Condorcet - Paule Constant - Laurence Thimble - Sophie Cottin - Hélisenne de Crenne - Marie Darrieussecq - Julie-Victoire Daubié - Alexandra David-Néel - Francoise d' Eaubonne - Marie of Deffand - Régine Deforges - Lucie Delarue-Mardrus - Chloé Delaume - Florence Delay - Charlotte Delbo - Christine Delphy - Louise d' Épinay - Claire Démar - Marie Depussé - Annie-Paule Derczansky - Maryline Desbiolles - Anne Desclos - Virginia Despentes - Marie Desplechin - Madeleine Desroseaux - ESA Djebar - Béatrice Douvre - Catherine Dufour - Claire of Lasted - Vanessa Duriès - Guerguina Dvoretzka - Isabelle Eberhardt - Anne-Louise Élie de Beaumont - Annie Ernaux - Genevieve Fauconnier - Marie-madeleine of Fayette - Marie Ferranti - Pauline of Ferronays - Aurélie Filippetti - Zénaïde Fleuriot - Brigitte Fontaine - Viviane Forrester - Irene Frain - Marguerite de France - Asuka Fujimori - Fatima Gallaire - Anne-Marie Garat - Anne F. Garréta - Janine Garrisson - Judith Gautier - Anna Gavalda - Congratulated on Genlis - Francoise Gerard - Sylvie Germain - Delphine of Girardin - Francoise Giroud - Jocelyne Godard - Anne Golon - Marie Harivel de Gonneville - Marie de Gournay - Francoise de Graffigny - Flora Groult - Helene Gregoire - Helene Grimaud - Octavie Guichard - Joelle Guillais - Pernette of Guillet - Beatrice Hammer - Irene Hamoir - Pink Harel - Jacqueline Harpman - Marie de Heredia - Louise Hervieu - Andree Hyvernaud - Annette Kahn - Julia Kristeva - Agota Kristof - Louise Labé - Francine Lachance - Marie Laubot - Claire Legendre - Ninon de Lenclos - Jeanne Marie Leprince de Beaumont - Julie de Lespinasse - Louise Levesque - Lily Levy - Nadine Lhopitalier - Magda - Francoise Mallet-Joris - Maïa Mazaurette - Élisa Mercœur - Louise Michel - Catherine Millet - Sibyl Gabrielle Riquetti de Mirabeau - Jacqueline Mirande - Marc de Montifaud - Francoise Morvan - Francoise de Motteville - Marie Ndiaye - Irene Némirovsky - Anna de Noailles - Amélie Nothomb - Christine Orban - Ovidie - Jacqueline Pascal - Genevieve Pastre - Loo Today Phang - Lolita Plunders - Gisele Pineau - Mazarine Pingeot - Christine de Pisan - Marie Prudence Plisson - Claude Pujade-Renaud - Audrey Pulvar - Rachilde - Anaïs de Raucou - Pauline Réage - Caroline Rémy - Noëlle Renaude - Annaig Renault - Sophie de Renneville - Alina Reyes - Anne Reynaud-Guérithault - Yasmina Reza - Marijuana Riccoboni - Marie-Jose Rioux - Lina Ritter - Catherine Robbe-Grillet - Christiane Rochefort - Edmée of Rochefoucauld - Anne of the Rock-Guilhem - Olivia Rosenthal - Madeleine de Sablé - Francoise Sagan - Adrienne Sahuqué - Daniele Sallenave - George Sand - Nathalie Sarraute - Albertine Sarrazin - Cecile Sauvage - Ann Scott - Madeleine de Scudéry - Sophie de Ségur - Marie de Sévigné - Aki Shimazaki - Anne-Marie Simond - German of Staël - Gabrielle Suchon - Marie Susini - Amable Tastu - Claudine de Tencin - Elsa Triplet - Valerie Valère - Francoise Verny - Marijuana the Heir to Villandon - Marie-Catherine de Villedieu - Gabrielle-Suzanne of Villeneuve - Louise de Vilmorin - Renee Vivien - Suzanne Voilquin - Simone Weil - Odile Weulersse - Anne Wiazemsky - Joelle Wintrebert - Monique Wittig - Gabrielle Wittkop - Kikou Yamata - Marguerite Yourcenar - Carole Zalberg

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