A wine waiter was an officer charged to be used to drink with a King, a prince or with any other character of high ranking. Because of the permanent fear of intrigues and Plot S, the load returned to a person in whom it sovereign placed a total Confiance. The wine waiter was in particular to take care to eliminate any risk of Empoisonnement and to sometimes even taste the Vin before serving it.

In the Mythology and the Religion S, the divinities have too sometimes a wine waiter they.

Mythology and religion

  • Hébé, girl of Zeus and Héra, is mentioned in the Iliade, where it is used as wine waiter to the gods, their slope the ambrosia and the nectar. It had to be replaced, because one day, the latter reversed a cut, and it had so much shame which it ran to hide for always.
  • Ganymède (the Verseau) was most beautiful of the mortals, which was worth the honor to him to replace Hébé. It is the eagle of Zeus, unless it is not Zeus itself having taken the shape of an eagle, which would have removed it " of its greenhouses inoffensives" to bring it on the Olympe.
  • Certaines traditions affirms that Pélops was removed by Poséidon which made its wine waiter of it.
  • Béhémoth, quoted in the Book of Job, demon of the instincts, the pleasures of the table and the belly, is the Royal Cupbearer of the Enfers.

History

Antiquity

In -721, at the court of the Assyrian kings, the Royal Cupbearer ( rab shaqé ) had the responsibility of present the royal cut in the official ceremonies.

The kings Macedonians, of which Alexandre Large the, is surrounded wine waiters. This function is reserved for wire of the nobility. Most famous of the wine waiters Macedonians is Iollas, wire of Antipater, that a rumor shows to have made poison Alexandre.

The emperors of Constantinople continued this use, inherited at the same time monarchies of the ancient Middle East, hellenistic monarchies and the Roman Empire.

Western Europe

With the the Middle Ages in Europe, the large kings, princes and had their clean Bouteiller S (initially in charge of the provisioning) and Tonnelier S (charged to maintain the barrels and the Muid S). Those made also function of wine waiter, but the bouteiller had a row much more raised than the simple wet coopers.

As from the 10th century, the loads of wine waiter and Bouteiller start to become distinct. At the court of France, the wine waiter was especially in charge of the purchase of the wines and their distribution to the people attached to the court, while the bouteiller becomes responsible for the management of the royal vineyards. There were usually several wine waiters.

The first of them took, at the 14th century, the title of Royal Cupbearer of France. At the next century, the dignity of wine waiter declined quickly and the wine waiter lost the majority of his attributions and privileges. When the French revolution removed this load, for a long time it was nothing any more but one honorary title.

The Royal Cupbearer had as a mark Héraldique of his load two bottles with the weapons of France, which it placed one on the right, the other on the left of sound ecu.

Echansonnery

This term, derived from wine waiter, indicates:

  • the body of the officers who are used to drink with a king, with a prince

  • the place where one distributes drinks in the palate of a king, of a prince.

Historical characters

  • Sargon d' Akkad was the wine waiter of the king of Kish, in Mésopotamie. It détrône its benefactor then kills the king of Uruk in -2330, before founding the Empire of Akkad
  • Sakas was wine waiter at the court of Astyage, last king of the Mèdes
  • Néhémie was wine waiter of Artaxerce Long-hand, king of Perse
  • Benoît d' Aniane and Gambrinus would have been, according to the legend, wine waiters of Charlemagne
  • Roger d' Ivry was the wine waiter of William the Conqueror
  • Miecław (? - 1047) was the wine waiter of Mieszko II, king de Pologne
  • Geoffroy Coquatrix, rich person and important middle-class of Paris, was the wine waiter of the king Philippe Beautiful the
  • Thomas d' Estier was the wine waiter of Jean II of Rohan
  • Jean, lord de Bueil, count de Sancerre and of Marans, named Royal Cupbearer of France in 1597
  • Charles Fleetwood was the wine waiter of the kings Jacques Ier of England and Charles Ier of England.

See too

wine waiter|Wine waiter

Gallery

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