Wine effluents

The Viticulture generates Rejet S of various natures, the majority result from the Raisin or the Vin. These pollutants consist of Molécule S organics (Sucre S, Acide S, alcohols) which rejected into the Natural environment is likely to cause damage with the River (Eutrophisation).

Sources of pollution

The sources of pollution are:

Pressing: Bourbes
Racking: the binds S
Filtration on Kieselguhr (Ground diatom): cakes of Filtration
Descaling: crystals of Bitartrate of potassium.

It is necessary to add various flushing waters from the tanks and the equipment

Regulation

In France, the Cave S are subjected to a Réglementation:

of 500 hl with 20.000 hl per annum: declaration with the Prefecture;
beyond 20.000 hl: authorization by the prefecture: limits of rejection are imposed, succeed often on the installation of system of reprocessing;

Moreover cellars are taxed by the Agences of water (royalty pollution) if they exceed 1 500 hl per annum, this tax can be reduced if the cellar is equipped with a system of Dépollution, the Agency of water can subsidize the systems of depollution. In the event of accident of pollution, the Viticulteur S are responsible, of the fines and of the settings in examination of small wine growers already occurred.

Systems of treatments

natural evaporation: dimensioning is function of the annual total volume of rejection divided by the hydrous Déficit annual means of the storage area (zone the Mediterranean 0,4 m ³ /m ² /an)
forced evaporation: in Languedoc to envisage a surface of 700 m ² to evaporate 3000 m ³, preliminary cleaning.
spreading.
biological treatments: three types:

ventilated Storage: for the small structures, by ventilation, from 2 to 8 weeks of treatment in a deep tank (4 to 6 m), inclined to facilitate the decantation of muds, preliminary cleaning.

muds obtained can be épandues, after analysis, to check the good state of operation, the supernatant can be rejected in the medium or towards a purification plant according to its level of pollution (98% of output of purification for the forward thrusts, 80% for the rejections towards the sewers).

Activated sludge: even operation that the reduced purification plants but of size, to reserve for the great structures or communal systems. This technique allows forward thrusts in the medium but requires expensive investments and a qualified labor
Méthanisation: this system makes it possible to produce Biogaz (energy) but it is expensive to set up and the management of the Gaz and the " process " require a labor and installations adapted.

collective treatment: all with the sewer

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