Willy Brandt , born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm on December 18th, 1913 with Lübeck and dead on October 8th, 1992 with Unkel, was a West German Politician of the social democrat Parti (SPD). It was federal chancellor of 1969 to 1974 with the head of a social-liberal Coalition, becoming the first social democrat to direct the government since 1930. Its Ostpolitik opened a new phase of the relations with the German Democratic republic and was worth to him the Nobel Prize of Peace in 1971.
He was also mayor-governor of Berlin of 1957 to 1966, president of the SPD of 1964 to 1987, and vice-chancellor and federal minister for the Foreign affairs of 1966 to 1969.
Youth
He was born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm with Lübeck from a father Comptable, John Möller, of which it carried the name and who forever forever sought to know it, and of a mother saleswoman, Martha Frahm.He becomes apprentice in a ship broker and very early, as of 1929, he joined the Sozialistische Jugend ( socialist Jeunesse ), a branch of the German socialist party, SPD. It leaves it in 1931 to join the Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei (SAP, left the socialist workers). It obtains then its Abitur in Reform-Realgymnasium with Lübeck in 1932.
In 1933, it flees the Nazi Germany while managing thanks to her harbor contacts to embark on a ship for the Norway where it settles. For its activities of resistance and not to be discovered by the agents Nazis, it takes the Pseudonyme Willy Brandt , which it will make later recognize like its legal name. In 1934, it takes part in the creation of the International office of the Revolutionary Organizations of the Young people (related on the International office for the revolutionary socialist unit), and to the autumn remains secretly in Germany being made pass under the name of Gunnar Gaasland, for a Norwegian student. In 1937, it follows the Guerre of Spain as journalist. In 1938, the Nazi regime revokes its German nationality and he asks Norwegian nationality then, that he obtains in 1940. The same year, it is stopped by the German forces which occupy Norway but which do not identify it as German because it carries a Norwegian uniform. It takes refuge then in Sweden, country neutral, where it receives its Passeport with the Norwegian embassy of Stockholm. It will reside in Sweden until the end of the war.
After war
Willy Brandt returns to Germany only after the end of the Second world war, in 1946. It settles with Berlin as a representative of the Norwegian government. In 1948, it begins its political career within the SPD after having recovered its German nationality. He is mayor of West Berlin of 1957 with 1966, particularly difficult period because marked by a series of crises, like the Ultimatum of Khrouchtchev in 1958 and especially the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961.
In 1964, Willy Brandt becomes general secretary of the SPD, posts that it will preserve until in 1987.
In 1961, he is the candidate of the SPD at the post of chancellor. It loses against Konrad Adenauer. He is again candidate in 1965 and loses against Ludwig Erhard. But in 1966, the great coalition between the SPD and the CDU propels it to the rank of Foreign Minister and vice-chancellor in the government of Kurt Georg Kiesinger. After the elections of 1969, it is elected chancellor. It is the fourth federal chancellor of the the Federal Republic of Germany.
Willy Brandt marked the history of the Germany by its foreign politics very turned towards GDR and the Europe of the East, the Ostpolitik , symbolically started with its Tombée to knees from Warsaw to the memorial from rising from the ghetto from Warsaw. Thus, he recognizes officially GDR and maintains diplomatic good relationships with the Poland, the Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc.
This policy was very largely discussed. In May 1972, an attempt at censures constructive on behalf of CDU fails of very little. This creates a general surprise; it will be revealed later that at least a member of CDU, Julius Steiner, had been paid by the ministry for the Safety of State of GDR, the Stasi, to vote for the maintenance of Brandt. Certain Germans regarded the Ostpolitik illegal and as a high treason.
Willy Brandt obtained the Nobel Prize of peace in 1971 for its policy of bringing together with the Europe of the East and the East Germany.
He resigned of his station the May 7th 1974 after its secret services revealed to him (in 1973) that Günter Guillaume, one of his personal assistants, was in fact a spy of GDR.
Brandt was member of the the European Parliament of 1979 with 1983.
One of its last public appearances was a voyage to Baghdad to ask for the release of Western hostages held by Saddam Hussein in 1990.
He dies the October 8th 1992 with Unkel.
The name of Willy Brandt was selected like Christian name by promotion 2007-2009 of the National school of administration.
External bonds
- Bundeskanzler-Willy-Brandt-Stiftung
- The Nobel Peace Prize 1971 on the site of the foundation Nobel
Simple: Willy Brandt
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