William Wilson Morgan

William Wilson Morgan (January 3rd 1906 - June 2nd 1994) is a American astronomer .

Biography

He is born January 3rd, 1906 in the Tennessee. In bad health during its childhood he studies at his place up to nine years. At the school it is initiated with astronomy by its Latin professor. He studies with the Lee University in Virginia and with Washington with the intention to teach English.

He turns definitively to the Astronomie when its professor of physique recommends it as trainee to E.B. Frost then directing of the Observatoire Yerkes. Morgan supplements its studies with a Ph.D. in 1931 with the Université of Chicago under the direction of Otto Struve. Morgan teaches in Chicago as from 1932, it directs the department of astronomy of this university of 1960 to 1966 and is director of the Yerkes observatory of 1960 to 1963. It finishes its career like Professor emeritus in Chicago.

Morgan, apart from its scientific work, has many activities, it is member of several Academies of Science, editor of the Astrophyscial Journal etc

Work

Morgan has a big role in the introduction of the concepts of the quantum Mécanique in Astrophysique. It has a particular gift to connect the spectrum of stars to physical concepts. With Phillip C. Keenan and Edith Kellman they develop later the stellar classification MKK, famous MK when it is revised by Morgan and Keenan. This classification is the first independent one of the calibration of the absolute Magnitude or the temperature of surface of stars. It makes it possible to bind the mass, the temperature and the gravity of surface of a simple star of manner.

Continuous Morgan to work on the Spectrometry of stars and, with Harold Johnson, they develop the photometry UVB in 1953 which became a standard method of photometry nowadays.

During their studies of the solar spectra, Morgan and J.J. Nassau discover nearly 900 stars of spectral Type O and B. Starting from their classification they determine their distances and thus show nature the spiral structure of our galaxy. These measurements are confirmed in 1953 by Morgan, A.E. Whitford and A.D. Code then by measurements of the Raie to 21 centimetres.

At the end of the Années 1950 Morgan turns to the classification of the galaxies, its attempts based on their morphologies meet little success, they turn again to spectrometry but the system which he invents does not convince to him either the scientific community.

Rewards

References

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