For the homonymous articles, to see Joseph Mallord William Turner for the painter landscape designer, William Turner Thiselton-Dyer for the botanist of the 20th century and William Turner (character) for the character of Pirates of the Caribbean.  

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William Turner , born between 1510 and 1515 with Morpeth in the Northumberland and died in 1568, is a ornithologist and a Botaniste English, called the father of the botanical British .

Turner and the Reform

His/her father was probably tanner. Turner makes its studies with Cambridge with Pembroke College of 1526 with 1533 where it receives its baccalaureat in 1529 and its master in 1533. It engages in favor of the Réforme and is imprisoned during two years. With its release, it must be exiled and all its publications are destroyed. During its exile, he travels in Europe and meets the most famous botanists of his time. He becomes doctor in Italy. After the death of Henri VIII, in 1547, it returns to England and becomes the doctor and chaplain of the duke of Somerset, Edouard. He receives the décanat of Wells in 1551. When Edouard VI dies in 1553 it is Marie I {{Re}}, a catholic, who succeeds to him. Religious intolerance is again of rule and the works of Turner are again prohibited and destroyed. But the reign of Marie Ire is short, five years, and the advent of Elisabeth I {{Re}} makes it possible Turner to return in its country and it finds its décanat of Wells then. It is suspended soon of its functions for nonconformism.

Botany

It publishes in 1538, Libellus of Re herbaria novus and in 1548, The names off grass in Greke, Latin, Englishe Duche and Frenche wyth the common names that Herbaries and Apotecaries uses . In its works, it reacts against the books of botanies previously published, because those are only translations of works coming from the continent and they thus present a Flore at the same time partly unknown and incomplete. Its Libellus is a flora of the province of Northumberland.

Its greater work is its herbarium, heading has new Herball, wherin are conteyned the names off Grass… with the properties dismantle and naturall places off the same, gathered and made by Wylliam Turner, Physicion unto the Duke off Somersettes Grace , which appears in three volumes (the first with London in 1551, the second with Cologne in 1562 during its exile and the third in 1568). The majority of the illustrations which appear in it come from the work of Leonhart Fuchs of 1545.

Ornithology

It publishes, in 1544 with Cologne, one little book entitled Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud Plinium and Aristotelem mentio is, brevis and succincta historia in which it tries to give precise descriptions of the Oiseau X quoted by Aristote and by Pline old the. Turner also tries to give information on the behavior. It is about the first book only devoted to the birds and its turning is modern.

Turner vigorously defends the fact of writing in English by affirming that will help with the diffusion of knowledge. It wire-drawer also that Dioscoride or Galien also wrote in their own language. He also studies the Minéralogie and the Ichtyologie.

Source

• To groove Pineas (1980). William Turner' S Polemical Uses off Ecclesiastical History and His Controversy with Stephen Gardiner, Renaissance Quarterly , 33 (4): 599-608.

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