William Stern (April 29th 1871 with Berlin, Germany - March 27th 1938 with Durham, the United States) was a German Psychologue. He is at the base of the efforts in psychology to measure the intelligence, i.e. the Intelligence quotient. He also carried out research which introduced the testimony of the psychologist like “opinion of expert”.

Biography

William Stern supported her thesis in Psychologie with the Université of Berlin in 1893. He is founding member of the German Société of psychology in 1905. He had the pulpit of Pédagogie to the Université of Breslau, then was called with the Université of Hamburg in 1916, where he excercait like Professor of Philosophie. From 1919 in 1933, he is director of the institute of psychology of the University of Hamburg, whereas he was, of 1933 to 1938, reader and professor with the Université Duke (with Durham).

He was the husband of the psychologist Clara Joseephy. They had 3 anfants: Hilde, Eva and Günther.

Thought

Stern combined philosophy and the scientific approach with an aim of studying the human nature, which was a major contribution for incipient psychology. Indeed, Stern was perhaps the first theorist to describe the manner of combining the physical and mental studies with an aim of describing “the human being in its totality”. It tried a synthesis between experimental psychology and understanding psychology. It establishes a theory known as of “convergence”.

For him, it was by studying the Individualité each one that the real gasoline of the Personnalité and Intelligence would be discovered. It was influenced by work of Alfred Binet and its studies on the intelligence of the children. he strongly asserted the autonomy and the originality of the child psychology like such. He tried to classify the Men according to standards, of types and aberrations. In 1911, it publishes the first German work of differential psychology. It supports there the articulation of the method scientist-nomothétique and the idiographique-cultural method introduced by Wilhelm Windelband and Heinrich Rickert.

Its interest for the individual differences led to the development of the concept of Intelligence quotient, the IQ In collaboration with Heinz Werer, it develops a method of determination of the intelligence quotient.

The design of the IQ implied the division of the mental age of the child by his physical age. The measured intelligence thus becomes a relative value about it. This concept perduré until our days, at least in a form modified by the concept of “deviation” suggested by David Wechsler.

One also owes him, from his research, the introduction of the testimony of the psychologist like “opinion of expert”.

Works

• Die Analogy im volkstümlichen Denken; Eine psychologische Untersuchg Berlin, R. Salinger, 1893.
• Psychology der Veränderungsauffassung Breslau, Preuss & Jünger, 1898
• Zur Psychology der Aussage; Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Erinnerungstreue , Berlin, J. Guttentag, 1902.
• Helen Keller; Die Entwicklung und Erziehung einer Taubstummblinden als psychologisches, pädagogisches und sprachtheoretisches Problem , Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1905.
• Persson und Knows; System DER philosophischen Weltanschauung , Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1906-24.
• Clara and William Stern: Die Kindersprache , Neudruck Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft Darmstadt (WBG), 1987.
• Forschung und Unterricht in der Jugendkunde , with Otto Lipmann, Leipzig & Berlin, Teubner, 1912.
• Das freie Zeichnen und Formen of Kindes , Leipzig, J.A. Barth, 1913.
• Der Student und die pädagogischen Bestrebungen der Gegenwart , Leipzig & Berlin, Teubner, 1913.
• Clara und William Stern: Psychology DER frühen Kindheit , Leipzig, 1914.
• Vorgedanken zur Weltanschauung , Leipzig, Barth, 1915.
• Jugendliches Seelenleben und Krieg , Leipzig, Barth, 1915.
• Die differential Psychology in ihren methodischen Grundlagen , Nachdr. DER 2. Aufl. Leipzig, Barth, 1911 - Bern: Huber, 1994.
• Grundgedanken DER personnalistischen Philosophy , Beelin, Reuter und Reichard, 1918.
• Die menschliche Persönlichkeit , Leipzig, Barth, 1919.
• Methodensammlung zur Intelligenzprüfung von indern und Jugentlichen , in collaboration with Otto Wiegmann, Leipzig, Barth, 1920.
• Das psychologische Laboratorium der Hamburgischen Universität , Leipzig, Which & Meyer, 1922.
• Wertphilosophie , Leipzig, Barth, 1924.
• Jugendliche Zeugen in Sittlichkeitsprozessen, ihre Behandlung und psychologische Begutachtung: Ein Kapitel DER forensischen Psychology , Leipzig, Which & Meyer, 1926.
• Neue Beiträge zur Theory und Praxis der Intelligenzprüfung , Leipzig, Joh. Ambr. Barth, 1925.
• Problem der Schülerauslese , Leipzig, Which & Meyer, 1926.
• Die Intelligenz der Kinder und der Jugendlichen , Leipzig, Barth, 1928 (4th edition)
• Sittlichkeitsvergehen year höheren Schulen und ihre disziplinare Behandlung , Leipzig, Which & Meyer, 1928.
• Anfänge der Reifzeit: Ein Knabentagebuch in psychologischer Bearbeitung , Leipzig, Which & Meyer, 1929.
• Studien zur Personwissenschaft , Leipzig, Barth, 1930.
• Allgemeine Psychology auf personalistischer Grundlage , Nijhoff, 1950, 2nd edition. With contributions of Günther Anders and Ernst Cassirer
• Psychology DER frühen Kindheit (a) zum sechsten Lebensjahr , with Tagebücher von Clara Stern and Geleitw. von Günther Stern-Anders, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1993. (Reprinting of the 7th edition, Heidelberg 1952).

See too

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