William Rehnquist

William Hubbs Rehnquist , born on October 1st 1924 and deceased the September 3rd 2005 with Arlington with the the United States, is an American lawyer, former public prosecutor, and Chief Justice (President) of the Supreme court of the United States of 1986 with 2005. Named by Nixon judge at the Supreme court in 1972, it is named president of this jurisdiction by Reagan in 1986. He is the President of the Supreme court to the longest mandate since Melville Fuller, died in 1910.

Studies and beginning of career

Rehnquist was born with Milwaukee, in the State of the Wisconsin. It entered after the college in Kenyon College, but studied only one year there, before entering the U.S. Army Air Force. It was used during the Second world war of 1943 for 1946, as an agent weather in North Africa.

At the end of the war, Rehnquist integrates the Université of Stanford, thanks to the G.I. Bill. It obtains in 1948 a license and a control in political sciences. In 1950, Rehnquist integrates the Université of Harvard, where it obtains a control in administration. It turns over then to the Faculty of Law of Stanford, where it crosses Sandra Day O'Connor, and of which it leaves major promotion.

Rehnquist then Washington D.C in order to will work to as an assistant of Robert Jackson, judge at the Supreme court, of 1951 with 1952. It written there a note against desegregation in the schools, whereas the court discusses case Brown v. Board off Education . Later, Rehnquist explained why this note reflected the opinion of Jackson, and not his clean. What was contradicted by the historian and legal secretary of Jackson, Mark Tushnet.

Rehnquist moves with Phoenix (Arizona), and puts on its account 1953 with 1969. At that time, it also militates within the Republican party, as an legal adviser of the presidential campaign of Barry Goldwater in 1964. During hearings preceding its nomination as a President by the Supreme court to the Senate in 1986, several people testify operations to Rehnquist aiming at discouraging the voters belonging to the minorities to vote when it was used as supervisor of polling station for the beginning of the year 1960. However, these allegations did not describe an illegal behavior, and Rehnquist always denied these charges completely.

Service with the ministry for Justice and the Supreme court

When Nixon is elected president in 1968, Rehnquist returns to work in Washington. It is initially Assistant Attorney General Office of the Legal Counsel , of 1969 with 1971. At this station, he is the principal lawyer of the Minister for the justice of the time, John Mitchell. The president Nixon calls it by " error; Renchburg" in several recordings of conversations in the Oval office, revealed during the investigation of the Watergate. Nixon appoints it judge at the Supreme court in order to replace John Marshall Harlan III following the resignation of this last, and this choice is confirmed by the Senate by 68 votes against 26 the December 10th 1971. Rehnquist takes up duty indeed the January 7th 1972. Two judges having resigned, Nixon names at the same time Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.

In the Court chaired by Warren Burger, Rehnquist is shown quickly like most preserving of nominated of Nixon, by having a strict interpretation of the 14th amendment, and by attaching much importance to the rights and capacities of the federate states. He votes thus against a development of desegregation in the schools, against the legalization of the Avortement in 1973 ( Roe v. Wade , but in favor of the prayer at the school and the capital punishment.

When Warren Burger withdraws himself in 1986, Ronald Reagan, then president of the United States, names Rehnquist to replace it. In spite of some controversies, it is confirmed by the Senate by 65 votes against 33, and takes up duty the September 26th. The head office of Rehnquist is then taken by Antonin Scalia.

Since he became the president of the Court, Rehnquist continued to push it towards a broader vision of the right of the states in the American federal system. For example, he wrote the decision United States v. Lopez , made with a majority of 5 compared with 4 in 1995, cancelling a federal law because she exceeded the competence of the Congress defined by the clause of trade. Rehnquist also opened the way with a greater implication of the state in the support for the religions, writing another decision taken by a majority of 5 votes against 4, in 2002 this time, Zelman v. Simmons-Harris , approving the support by the state of parochial schools.

Moreover, Rehnquist created a dress especially designed for him as a president of the Court in 1994, with 4 bars gilded on each shoulder. In the past, the president was not vêtu differently other judges. The dress of Rehnquist was cut starting from a model which it had seen in the operetta of Gilbert and Sullivan Iolanthe , played for the first time at London in 1882. The costume which inspired that of Rehnquist is carried by the Lord Chancellor (Minister for British justice), which in the part is called in order to solve a series of arguments.

Rehnquist was only the second president of the Supreme court of the United States (after Salmon Portland Drives out to chair a presidential procedure of Impeachment, during the lawsuit of Bill Clinton in 1999.

Rehnquist was quoted for a long time like being able to have been the source called Deep Gorge during the scandal of the Watergate. In February 2005, somebody revealed that this one was seriously sick, and because of the cancer of thyroid advanced of Rehnquist, much thought of having identified Deep Throat (deep Throat) in its person. However, the May 31st 2005, the journalist Bob Woodward confirmed that Deep Throat was Mark Felt, former assistant editor of FBI.

Family life

William Rehnquist married Natalie Cornell in 1953. She died of a cancer of the ovary S the October 17th 1991. They had three children: James, Janet, and Nancy. His/her Janet daughter is a former General inspector of the ministry for health.

It often spends the summer in the Vermont.

Rehnquist is of Swedish origin. It is one of the two presidents of the Scandinavian supreme court of origin , the other being Earl Warren, which was of Norwegian origin .

Health issues

In February 1977, Rehnquist was wounded with the enough serious back of way to be hospitalized during one week. He suffered since from a chronic pain to the bottom of the back. With the end of the year 1981, the observers of the Supreme court noticed that its speeches were difficult to include/understand, even incomprehensible. The December 27th 1981, it was allowed at the hospital of the university George Washington to deal with problems of dependence with drug which it used to relieve its pains with the back. This drug was of Placydil, and can generate a dependence. The open files of the FBI in January 2007, show that Rehnquist had triplet the maximum amount of Placydil which can be prescribed and be become dependant since the beginning on the years 1970. Several doctors report that at the time of its stay at the hospital in 1981, Rehnquist separated in Placydil and it tried to escape from the hospital in pyjamas. Rehnquist as declared, inter alia, as the CIA had warped a plot against him.

The October 26th 2004, the Supreme court announced that a Cancer of the Thyroïde had recently been diagnosed at Rehnquist, and that he had been hospitalized at the naval Medical center of Bethesda at the time of the 5 days having preceded the advertisement. In a short official statement, the Court announced that Rehnquist had undergone a Trachéotomie two days before. That started again the speculations in the media on its health, the possibility of its resignation and its replacement.

Rumors on its resignation

Because of its health issues, some doubted that it would be in a position to govern the oath-taking of the president Bush during the inauguration of its second mandate the January 20th 2005. Rehnquist finally present, although it had appeared fragile and left the ceremony shortly after the oath of the president.

After having missed 44 oral argumentations before the Court between the end 2004 and the beginning by 2005, Rehnquist appeared again the March 21st 2005. During its absence, however, there remained implied in the businesses of the Court, and took part in the majority of its decisions and deliberations. () The May 23rd 2005, Rehnquist visited fast to the medical department of Capitole, accelerating the speculations according to which he would resign before the end of the presidential mandate.

However, it is his/her colleague Sandra Day O'Connor who announced the first his resignation of the Court on July 1st 2005, launching the official countryside of lobbying for its succession. The choice of the president is constrained by the fact that it must be ratified by the Senate; however the president George W. Bush did not hide his intention to name conservative judges, in particular on the sociétales questions.

The rumors on the resignation of Rehnquist reached a new stage the July 8th 2005, mainly with the one of the Web site The Drudge Report . As Rehnquist did not make no advertisement at the end of the morning, from new rumors began, as what the White House had asked for to president Cour of differ his public advertisement with the return from Bush of its voyage abroad. But after having made a stopover with the embassy of Great Britain in order to sign there the register of condolences for the victims of the attacks of July 7th, Bush returned to the White House without Rehnquist not speaking. Commenting on the unrestrained rumors on its withdrawal, he declared " it is with me knowto know it and you of the trouver". On Wednesday, July 13, 2005, he was again hospitalized, this time for an high fever, side effect of his treatment in progress against the cancer of the thyroid one.

He is deceased the September 3rd 2005.

Succession

For this capital station from where one draws the profile of the the United States of America, the president George W. Bush could have named one of the conservative judges, Antonin Scalia or Clarence Thomas, but its choice was finally made on John Glover Roberts Jr. (born in 1955) which in the beginning was proposed with the succession of Sandra Day O'Connor, resigner. The designation of John Roberts was ratified by the Senate in October 2005.

Sources

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