William Henry Beveridge (March 5th 1879 - March 16th 1963), Baron Beveridge de Tuggal, was a economist and British politician .
It is especially known for his report/ratio of 1942, Social Insurance and Allied Services (known under the name of “First Beveridge report/ratio”) which provides the bases of reflection to the introduction of the Welfare State by the Labor government of post-war period.
Youth and beginnings of career
William Beveridge is the last wire of a judge of the Indian Civil Service , born with the Bengal in 1879. After secondary studies with he studies the traditional literature with Oxford. He tries a career in the right, which he gives up at the end of a few months in 1902 to work full-time in a charitable foundation of the East of London, Toynbee Hall ( cf : ). At the end of 1905, he becomes journalist with the conservative daily Morning Post , where he writes on the social problems.It is presented to Winston Churchill at the end of 1907. When this one is named “ ”, i.e. Minister for the economy, in the liberal government of Herbert Henry Asquith (1908 - 1915), it recruits Beveridge. Become senior official, Beveridge contributes to the installation of the official services of unemployment, of which it takes the direction in 1909. Its ideas influence Lloyd George and lead to the vote of the National Insurance Act of 1911. It recommends the installation of a retirement scheme for the elderly and a security system social.
After the First World War, it is anobli. In 1919, it becomes, thanks to the mediation of the Socialists of the Fabian society , director of the London School off Economics, station which it occupies until in 1937.
The “Beveridge Reports/ratios”
In 1940, Ernest Bevin, the Minister for Labor, requires recommendations of him on the Social security, which hitherto developed without real coherence. It is thus logically that the government chooses the following year Beveridge to write a report/ratio aiming at proposing a model of rebuilding for the post-war period.The report/ratio, heading Carryforward to the Parliament one Social Insurance and Allied Services , or Report/ratio at the Parliament on the related social security and services , is returned public in November 1942. It is for Great Britain the blackest year of the conflict against the Axe. This report/ratio recommends that each citizen in age to work pay of the weekly social contributions, in order to benefit in return from services in the event of Maladie, Chômage, retirement… Beveridge thinks that this system will make it possible to ensure a minimum standard of living in lower part of which nobody should fall. In order to convince the conservatives skeptics, Beveridge explains why the assumption of responsibility of the disease and of the problem of the retirements, will allow national industry to profit from a productivity, and thus from a competitiveness, increased.
In 1944, it published a work which is sometimes called the second report/ratio Beveridge ( Full Employment in has Free society , that is to say: Of work for all in an free society ) which states that the installation of an effective system of social protection requires full employment. It converges on this point with the progressive ideas by another British economist, John Maynard Keynes.
At the end of the war, the workers party of Clement Attlee gains the elections vis-a-vis the first outgoing minister, Winston Churchill. The new Prime Minister then announces the installation of the État-providence, such as it is described in the first Beveridge report/ratio of 1942.
In 1944, Beveridge is elected with the House of Commons for the Liberal party. In 1946, it is created Baron de Tugall, then takes the head of the liberal group to the House of Lords.
He dies the March 16th 1963.
See too
Related articles
External bonds
- detailed Biography
- Extracted and summarized first report/ratio Beveridge
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