The wilaya or willaya (transliteration of the Arab term: wilā' ya rear RTL ولاية) or the vilayet (by the Turkish vilâyet : prefecture) is a administrative division which exists in several African countries and Asian. It corresponds about so that other countries would call Département, Région or Province.

History

Sovereign capacity in general in certain Moslem countries , and capacity of the Wali, in particular, then area or district where this capacity was exerted.

Time of the Mameluke S in Egypt and medieval Syria, the wilaya was smallest administrative Circonscription, whereas in Moslem Perse this word applied to the provinces of intermediate size. Starting from 1864, the Ottoman Empire used this term turquized in vilayet to indicate administrative areas much vaster: vilayets of Mosul, Beirut, Baghdad, Salonique for example.

These divisions were placed under the authority of beglerbeg, then of wali. The vilayets existed until recently in the modern Turkey.

Countries concerned

The following countries have wilayat :

• Afghanistan: composed of 24 velayat - to see the article Provinces of Afghanistan
• Algérie: the country is divided into 48 wilayas - to see the article Wilayas d' Algérie
• Morocco: The division of second degree (equivalent NUTS 3 in Europe is called prefecture in French urban area, and wilaya in Arabic. (See lower precise details on the direction of the term Wilaya in Morocco).
• Malaysia: the federation of Malaysia is shared in 13 negeri (States) and 3 wilayah persekutuan (federal districts)
• Mauritania: the Islamic Republic of Mauritania is made up of 13 wilaya and 53 moughataa
• Oman: the wilayat are in this country of the subdivisions of the mintaqah
• Ouzbékistan: the viloyat (Uzbek term, plural viloyatlar ) is the principal subdivision of the country
• Sudan: the country is made of 26 wilayat (States) - to see the article Subdivisions of Sudan
• Tadjikistan: the viloyat (term Inhabitant of Tajik, plural viloyatho ) is the principal subdivision of the country
• Tunisia: the country is composed of 24 wilayas (translated into French by Gouvernorat)
• Turkménistan: the welayat (term Turkmène, plural welayat ) is the principal subdivision of the country

Direction of the Wilaya term in Morocco

In Morocco, the term wilaya recovers two distinct realities:

• It is first of all the name given to the administration of one of the 16 areas of Morocco. With the head of each Wilaya a Wali is named by the King.

• the Prefectures, communities territoiriales of level lower than the area, and equivalent of the provinces in urban area, are called in Arabic, but not in French, of the wilayat . There are 26, against 45 provinces. They have at their head a governor, as well as the provinces.

See too

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