Welsh triads

The Welsh Triads (in Welsh language Trioedd Ynys Prydein , literally meaning “Triads of the island of Brittany”), are a group of medieval texts of Manuscrit S Welsh, in which fragments of old Welsh culture are preserved, relating to the history as well as the Celtic Mythologie.

Contents

The texts contain references to the King Arthur and other characters of insular Brittany or Armorican Brittany
  • either legendary like the Bendigeidfran giant (in French Blessed Bran the)
  • or histories, like Alain IV of Brittany, Duc of Brittany (which is named Alan Ffyrgan , into Breton Alan Fergan ) and of the old characters like Caswallawn (Cassivellaunos) and Caradawg (Caratacos).

Certain triads give only lists of three characters who have something in common, (thus “the three frivolous poets of the island of Brittany”) whereas others give some explanations. It seems that these triads were born among Welsh poets from the time like process Mnémotechnique in the composition from poems and tales, then became form rhetoric of the medieval Welsh literature.

The tale Culhwch ac Olwen comprises several triads thus.

Old collections

The oldest collection of Welsh triads is contained in the manuscript Peniarth 16 , today in the National Library off Wales, which one dates from the third quarter of the 13th century and which contains 46 of the 86 triads published by Rachel Bromwich.

Other important manuscripts contain the Peniarth 45 (written about 1275), with

Other collections

At the 18th century, the Welsh writer and scholar Iolo Morganwg gathered a collection of triads, which it ensured to have collected in his personal collection of manuscripts. Some are similar so that one found in medieval manuscripts, others are so personal that it is generally thought that he invented them.

References

  • Rachel Bromwich. Trioedd Ynys Prydein : The Welsh Triads , Cardiff: University off Wales Near, 1978.
  • W. Probert (trans) (1977), Iolo Morganwg, The Triads off Britain .

Related articles

External bonds

  • Triads from the Red Book off Hergest
  • Triads from ms Peniarth 54
  • Triads off Northern Britain
  • Triads off the Knights off King Arthur' S Short
  • Bardic Triads from ms Peniarth 20

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