Welsbach bruner
The Welsbach bruner , or nozzle with incandescence of Carl Auer von Welsbach is a means of lighting very effective, developped at the point towards 1890, which had a better output than the first electric lamps incandescent, appeared at the same time.
Composition and properties of the sleeves
A non luminous flame heats a sleeve in Coton soaked with nitrates of Thorium (99%) and of Cérium (1%), with the first lighting the sleeve is calcined: it results from it a “fabric” from oxides of these rare earths, which emits a sharp very white light. This mixture is 10 times more luminous than oxide of Cérium only, and 70 times more than oxide of Thorium only. A non luminous flame is needed, where the combustion of gas is total, in opposition to a luminous flame, where in fact the incandescent carbon particles shine and emit the light.
The current payments prohibiting the Thorium because of its light Radioactivity, the sleeves are now soaked with a composition of oxides of Yttrium and Cérium.
The Auer sleeves are always used in the lamps of camp-site or building site to gasoline, oil (lamps with pressure) or to gas (Méthane, Propane or mixes of both).
References
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