Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale off Intelligence

WPPSI-III: Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale off intelligence-III

History

Developed in 1967 by David Wechsler, the goal of this scale was to measure the intelligence of the 4 year old older children at 6 years and 6 months. In 1989, this test (WPPSI-R) was revised to widen the possibilities of evaluation for young people. In 2002, a new edition (WPPSI-III) is created and is addressed then to the children in two versions: of 2 years and 6 months with 3 years and 11 months , and of 4 years with 7 years and 3 months . The goal of this test is to evaluate, using an instrument standardized a variety of aptitudes to return account the various aspects of the intelligence. The output of the child gives a composite score which is equivalent to an estimate of the capacity of the individual including/understanding the world and to face there.

Components: under-tests

For the children of 2-6 years with 3-11 years:

verbal Scale:

receptive Vocabulary: the child must point one of the 4 images which represent more the required word. 38 items and no limit of time for this under-test.
Information: 34 items where the child shows his knowledge in connection with events or of objects of his environment. It must find relations between the facts. The items 1 to 6 must be pointed on a drawing and the following items must be answered orally.
Images to be named (Additional): the child must name the removed object of an image which was presented to him previously. 30 items to answer unbounded of time.

Scale of performance :

Blocks: 20 items that the child must analyze and reproduce using cubes of one or two colors. The figure is presented by the inspector for the items 1 to 12 then by a drawing in the booklet of Stimuli.
Assembly of objects: 6 boxes of headache color. The inspector the place with the child and this one must assemble them to form a significant whole in a given time.

general Language (Optional):

receptive Vocabulary: to see
Images above to be named: to see

above

Children of 0-4 years with 3-7 years

Verbal Scale :

Information: to see above
Vocabulary: the child must look at images and give the name of the object (item 1 to 5). For the items 6 to 25, the child must define the word read in high voice by the inspector. Therefore, 25 items compose this under-test.
Reasoning of words: the child must find an object common or a concept. The inspector gives an index at the same time, to amount of 3, which helps the child progressively to find that about which one speaks. 28 unbounded items of time.
Comprehension (Additional): 28 items which cover several fields and familiar activities with the child. He must explain the reason of these actions and the consequences of certain events.
Similarity S (Additional): the child must answer the question by saying how 2 objects or 2 concepts resemble each other, are similar. The test includes/understands 24 pairs of words which have a similarity.

Scale of Performance :

Blocks: to see above
Matrix: coloured matrices are presented individually. Each one has a missing part and the child must choose between 4 or 5 choices which image supplements the matrix. 29 unbounded items of time.

Concepts in image: the child must establish links between the various drawings located on two or three lines. He must item choose one by line which has a bond with another of each line, and thus form a concept. This test contains 28 items and does not have limit of time.

Image to be supplemented (Additional): the child must indicate the missing elements on a drawing by naming it or pointing it. He has 32 images and there is no limit of time.
Assembly of object (Additional): to see

above

Speed of treatment

Code: the child must copy symbols together by pairing 2 symbols. 5 items of practice followed by 59 forms constitute the under-test. The child is limited in time.
Location of symbol (Additional): the child must look at a symbol at the beginning of the line and must say if it is found in the sequence of symbols which follows. The child has 120 seconds to make the task.

general Language (Optional):

receptive Vocabulary: to see
Images above to be named: to see

above

Fidelity and validity of the WPPSI-III

Standardization: The WPPSI-III was managed with 1.700 children through the United States. The sampling procedure is a sample laminated by using the demographic characteristics such as the age, the sex, the ethnos group, parental education and the geographical area. 100 boys and 100 girls compose the first 8 groups of age of 2-6 to 7-0 years. 50 boys and 50 girls compose the sample of 7-0 to 7-3 years. This instrument of evaluation has a good validity and a good fidelity test-retest.

Diagnostic value and utility

Recommended in the evaluation of the intellectual ability on three plans: education, private clinic and in research. This test makes it possible to diagnose the problems involved in the intellectual operation of the child and to allot to him a score equivalent to the Intelligence quotient. In addition, the interpretation of this test makes it possible to target the forces and the personal weaknesses of the child. The WPPSI-III uses an average of 100 and one standard deviation of 15. For the under-tests, the average is of 10 and the standard deviation of 3. However, this test cannot be used to only emit a diagnosis of any kind.

Contributions

It is standardized near French-speaking children of Canada. It makes it possible to locate a pupil compared to his group of reference, represented by the other pupils of the same age, with regard to its result on a total scale like with the various components. It makes it possible to detect the forces and personal weaknesses of the child compared to his results with the various under-tests.

Limits

Although it is standardized on young French-speaking people of Canada, the sample is not taken in Quebec. They are standards free-Ontarians. Few under-tests is presented to the children of 2-6 years with 3-11ans. One cannot make the evaluation of wide total intellectual operation using these 4 under-tests. Limit of the ascribable scores for the children who have an operation very, very weak or very, very high. Certain under-tests are difficult to manage. The guide of administration contradicts some times.

References

Sattler, J.M. (2004) Assessment off children: WISC-IV and WPPSI-III supplement. San Diego: Jerome Sattler Publisher.
Bernier, J. - J. and Pietrulewicz, B. (1997) Psychometry: Treaty of Measurement Applied. Montreal: Gaëtan Morin Editor ltée.

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