Presentation
The wave mechanics is, as its name indicates it, a mechanics governed by the propagation of a wave of probability.
The traditional mechanics of a specific particle is not able to describe what is observed in experiments: phenomena of interferences electronics, photonic, neutron, etc The quantum Mécanique models the undulatory behavior of the particle S.
Origins
The origin of the wave mechanics is at the beginning of the XXe century; it starts with work of Albert Einstein which associates a particle, the photon, with a wave, the " lumière" , which extends from the gamma rays to the waves radios, and is supplemented with Louis de Broglie which defines the behavior of the electrons in the form of wave.
From these antagonisms was born what one calls the " duality wave-corpuscule".
Mathematical definition
With any particle of mass m and speed v a wave frequency N and wavelength was associated L.
If we represent the trajectory of an electron by a cord of violin in vibration, the analyzes of Fourier shows that the sounds are formed starting from an integer of fundamental waves.
The function of wave describes the clean states of momentum. The more the function of wave is tightened, the more the frequency is high.
A particle is a wave which is propagated in all the space of which the amplitude of Probabilité enables us to know the position at one time T.
History of the wave mechanics
Louis de Broglie had the idea to associate a function of wave with each particle: that implies that space solely does not consist of particles, but of quantum fields which generate forces between the bodies. Thereafter, Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger were interested in work of Broglie: Erwin Schrödinger replaced all the energy levels by undulatory configurations and published its famous equation in 1926.
But the theory encountered certain observations concerning the packages of waves. It was max Born which found the solution of the problem by the Probabilité S. a new idea is founded: the Atome S are not treated any more individually, but in manner Statistique.
Thus the whole of this work informs about the statistical probability of the energy of a system.
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