Wattassides

The Wattassides or Ouattassides or Banû Watâs came from a tribe Berbère S Zénètes like the sultans Mérinides. These two families were connected and Mérinides recruited many Vizier S at Wattassides. The viziers wattassides seized little by little the power which the last sultan mérinides completely lost in 1465. It followed one period of confusion which lasted until in 1472. Morocco was cut into two with in the south an emerging dynasty: the Saadiens, and in north the sultanate wattasside.

History

1420 : The sultan mérinide Abû His `id “Uthmân Ben Ahmad dies, his son Abû Muhammad “Abd Al-Haqq succeeds to him like old sultan mérinide of only one year. The governor of Salé Abû Zakarîyâ Yahyâ of the tribe of Banû Wattas allied in Mérinides and installed in the Rif exerts regency and keeps the capacity during twenty-eight years.
1437: Failure of a Portuguese forwarding against Tangier. Part of the task force is made prisoner. A treaty intervenes where the Portuguese obtain the right to re-embark themselves in the condition of returning Ceuta. They leave like hostage the Infant Ferdinand, to guarantee the execution of this pact. Pushed by the pope, Edouard I {{er}} prefers to sacrifice his/her brother rather than his place of trade. Ferdinand dies in Fès on June 5th, 1443.
1458: The king of Portugal Alphonse V had prepared an army for the departure in crusade against the Othoman with the call of the pope. He finally prefers to turn over his forces against Ksar-are-Seghir a small port located between Tangier and Ceuta. He manages to take the place.
1459: Abû Muhammad “Abd Al-Haqq is turned over against its new regent Yahyâ and its family. It makes them massacre, only two brothers survive, of which Muhammad ach-Chaykh, that which in 1472 becomes the first Sultan wattasside.
1462: Ferdinand IV of Castille takes again Gibraltar.
1465: Abû Muhammad “Abd Al-Haqq is cut the throat of with Fès during a popular revolt. A sultan of origin idrisside, is proclaimed but its authority is limited to the area of Fès.
1469: The Moslems have just lost the near total of their territories of Al-Andalus. Only the Nasrides preserve Grenade and its surroundings until in 1492. This period knows a massive surge, towards Morocco, of Moslem and Jewish Andalusians pursued by the Inquisition and the conversion forced with Christianity.
1471: The Portuguese king Alphonse V manages to take Tangier while benefitting from it from the disorders of Fès. This anarchy lasts only a time; one of the survivors of the massacre of 1459, Muhammad ach-Chaykh takes again Fès and installs there the sultanate wattasside in 1472.
1471: The Portuguese take Asilah, then Tangier, which enables them to control the strait of Gibraltar.
Of 1472 to 1505: Mohammed ach-Chaykh cannot prevent the installation of the Portuguese on the coasts of the country with Safi (1481) then with Azemmour in (1486). The Portuguese will occupy truly these two cities in 1508 and 1513.
1492: The kingdom of Grenade, last state Moslem of Spain is overcome. Kings Catholiques of Spain seize Grenade, thus sealing the end of Spanish Islam.
1505: Mohammed Al-Burtuqâlî succeeds Mohammed ach-Chaykh until 1524. It fails in its attempts to take again Asilah in 1508 and 1515 and Tangier in 1511 and sees the Portuguese multiplying their counters along the coast: creation of Santa Cruz de Aguer (currently Agadir ), installation with Mazagan (currently El-Jadida ), construction of the fortress of Agouz (currently Souira Kedima) to the mouth of the wadi Tensift.
1511: Mohammed Al-Jazuli, chief of powerful a zaouïa of the Under supports designation as war leader of the Saadien Muhammad Al-Qâ' im bi- 'Amr Allah.
1524: Saadiens are made main of Marrakech with the support of the Berber tribes of Under and of the Valley of the Draâ.
1528: Ahmed must recognize in Saadiens an independence in fact in the areas of the South. When it decides to go on Marrakech it is beaten and must be folded up. Two wire of Muhammad Al-Qâ' im then share the capacity in the south of the country: Ahmed Al “has `raj reign in Marrakech, and Mohammed ach-Chaykh is governor of Under.
1537: Saadiens obtain the division of Morocco in two kingdoms after their victory over Wattassides with the battle of the Wadi el-Abid. Saadiens take Agadir with the Portuguese and appear as the defenders of Islam whereas Wattassides seek to negotiate with the Christians. Saadiens take again in turn all the Portuguese counters except Tangier, Ceuta and Mazagan.
1548: Saadiens make captive the sultan wattasside Ahmed who is released against the abandonment of Meknès. Two years after Saadiens take Fès. Then they fail in their attempts at expansion towards the Algérie.
1554: Wattasside Abû Hasûn `Ali, supported by the Othoman installed with Algiers, takes again Fès. It finally is overcome and killed in the Tadla by Saadien Mohammed ach-Chaykh which recovers Fès. The Wattassides last are massacred by pirates whereas they flee Morocco.

The dynasty

The viziers Wattassides

During the minority of the emir mérinide Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq

1421 - 1448: Abû Zakarîyâ Yahyâ
1448 - 1458: `Ali
1458 - 1459: Yahyâ
1459 - 1465: Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq (Mérinide) (Period of resumption of the capacity by Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq which makes kill Wattassides.)
1465 - 1472: Period of anarchy Wattasside

The sultans Wattassides (1472-1554)

1472 - 1504: Mohammed ach-Chaykh
1504 - 1526: Mohammed Al-Burtuqâlî
1526 - 1526: Abû Hasûn `Ali (question his nephew Ahmed)
1526 - 1545: Ahmed (Dislocated)
1545 - 1547: Mohammed Al-Qâsrî
1547 - 1549: Ahmed (Restored)
1549 - 1554: Mohammed ech-Sheik (Saadien)
1554 - 1554: Abû Hasûn `Ali (reigns only four months, killed by Saadien Mohammed ach-Chaykh)

Filiation

├1─ Abû Zakarîyâ Yahyâ 1428-1448. │ ├3─ Yahyâ 1458-1459 killed by Mérinide Abû Muhammad `Abd Al-Haqq │ └*1─ Mohammed ach-Chaykh 1472-1504. │ ├*2─ Mohammed Al-Burtuqâlî 1504-1526. │ │ └*3─ Ahmed 1526-1545 and 1547-1549. │ │ │ │ │ └*4─ Mohammed Al-Qâsrî 1545-1547. │ │ │ └*5─ `Ali 1448-1458, died in 1459.

Random links: