Stand Watie (December 12th, 1806 - September 9th, 1871) (also known under the names of Degataga “inébranlable” and of Isaac S. Watie ) was a chief of the Cherokee nation and a brigadier general of the army of the States confederated of America during the American Civil War. It ordered the Amerindian cavalry, primarily made up of Cherokee S, Creek S and Séminole S.
Youths
Watie was born close to Rome, in Georgia, it December 12th, 1806, of Oo-watie (David Uwatie) and Susanna Reese, which was mongrel white and cherokee. He was the brother of Gallegina “Buck” Watie (more known under the name of Elias Boudinot). The two brothers were also the nephews of Major Ridge, and consequently, the cousins of John Ridge.
The Watie brothers were favorable to the policy of the “Indian Transfer”, which implied the transfer of Cherokees towards Oklahoma, and were members of the Ridge party (named thus according to its principal figure, Major Ridge), also said party of the treaty, which signed the Traité of New Echota. The opponents with the Transfer, gathered within the Ross party, estimated the treaty in violation of the majority opinion within the tribe, because none the signatories had been elected and that they could not claim to represent the Cherokee nation. Consequently, John Ross and his partisans refused to ratify this treaty.
Watie, its family and of many other Cherokees migrated towards the West. Cherokees and their Esclave S which had remained on their tribal grounds of the East were constrained to emigrate by the government of the the United States in 1838, at the time one day remained known under the name of Piste of the Tears, during which died of the hundreds of Cherokees. The Ross party made from there responsible the Watie brothers and the Ridge family, shown murder; on the four men thus pointed of the finger, only Watie Stand escaped from it alive.
Stand Watie, which was owner of slaves, acquired and made bear fruit a plantation with Spavinaw Creek, in the Indian Territoire. He was member, of 1845 to 1861, of the Cherokee Council, of which he was even a time chair.
With the service of the Confederation
Stand Watie was the Amerindian of the United States to only reach the Brigadier general rank of (or as a general sergeant according to the military terminology into force in the American armies) in one or the other of the two armies then in conflict.After the chief John Ross and the Cherokee Council, who had initially proclaimed the neutrality of Cherokees in the conflict, had decided to support the cause of the States confederated of America by fear to divide the nation cherokee, Watie decided to raise a Régiment of Cavalerie. In October 1861, it accepted the rank of Colonel in First Cherokee Mounted Rifles .
Although it fought officially the federal troops, Watie the USA also of its command to imply themselves in internal struggles in Cherokees, and to be turned over in the same way against of Creeks, Séminoles and others which had chosen to support the Union. Watie is especially known for its role in the battle of Pea Ridge, in Arkansas, which was held from March 6th to 8th 1862 and was completed on a victory of the Union. The troops of Watie took there the positions of the Artillerie the federal ones, succeeding by this fact to cover the retirement of the confederated army of the battle field.
Although the support cherokee for Confédération had blunted, Watie remained with the head of what remained of its troops. It was promoted with the rank of brigadier general by the general Samuel Bell Maxey, and was seen entrusted the command of two regiments of cavalry as well as three Bataillon S of infantry made up of Cherokees, of Séminoles and of Osage S. These soldiers were based in the south of the Canadian River, which they crossed regularly to carry out of the incursions within the territory of the Union. They fought in many battles and of skirmishes in the west of the confederated territory, in particular on the Indian Territory, Arkansas, the Missouri, the Kansas and the Texas. The forces of Watie Stand are famous to have more been committed in the west of the the Mississippi that any other unit.
June 23rd, 1865, in Fort Towson, in the sector Choctaw of the territory of the Oklahoma, Watie signed an agreement of cease-fire with envoys of the Union, becoming thus the general last confederated to return the weapons.
Directing of Cherokees of the south
In 1862, during the war, Watie was elected main leader of the “nation of Cherokees of the south”. As a leader of this nation of Cherokee of the south (which emigrated after the war with the Kentucky), it belonged to the delegation taking part in the negotiations having to lead to the in Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty (treated rebuilding cherokee) and amorça of the efforts to reconstitute the tribal grounds.
Watie and its nephew, Elias Cornelius Boudinot, were stopped for tax avoidance: they were shown to have tried to escape the imposition on the incomes which they drew from a tobacco factory. The two men constituted plaintiffs in the lawsuit which followed: the in Cherokee Tobacco Case (lawsuit of the tobacco cherokee) of 1870, which beat in breach the tribal statute of exemption of taxes granted by the treaty of 1866. This judgment brought the Congrès, in Washington, to obstruct the concluding of new treaties with the Indian tribes, holding the Indian policy with the laws voted by the Congress or the decisions of the executive. After his death, his/her cousin James S. Martin took along the nation of Cherokees of the south to Kentucky.
Watie was married four times, including three before the transfer to the west. He married in 1843 his fourth woman, Sarah Caroline Bell, who gave him five children. He is buried with the cemetery of Polson in Oklahoma, in the south-west of Missouri.
Sources
See too
External bonds
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