Water sport (veil)

See also: Water sport, Veil

The water sport with the veil is art to sail with the assistance of the Vent like driving power. It is an activity of leisure or competition, even an art of living, which is practiced with various types of machines, like a simple float as in the case of the Planche to veil, or with true a Bateau, on Lac or Mer.

General information

One can distinguish several categories of activities:

  • the Planche with veil which consists in sailing upright balances some on a float thanks to a sail which ensures the propulsion of it.
  • the Center-board, small boat without Skittle (aileron under the hull to resist the lateral thrust), but provided with a drift, kind of hinged skittle, for one to four or five people, for the walk or the competition in Regatta. Basic being the Optimist intended for the children while being a series of competition. Most advanced being classified in Olympic series like the 470 or the 49er. The light Catamaran, appeared later, often replaced the center-board for the ludic nautical activities.
  • the Coastal traffic or the coastal Cruising on board livable boats so called Yacht, requiring competences in Navigation.
  • large cruising and the Circumnavigation on ships armed for several weeks or month with navigation.
  • large nautical compétions, often using prototype boats, Monocoque S applying last technologies of the Hydrodynamic for the Cut of America, or Catamaran S and Trimaran S giants, true formulas 1 of the sea, in the transatlantic races.
  • the pure speed race, experimental plot for the search for new technical solutions.

The nautical competition

There exist several categories of nautical races with the veil:
  • the Régate S which are held in a space and a limited time, the boats must turn around marks of course (in general of the buoys). The composition of the crews is dependant on the boats régatant. There exist 2 great types of regattas in fleet or duel (match-racing).
  • the races cruisings, the boats must rejoin a point with another (what does not prohibit the obligation to pass by certain marks of course). The races cruisings can be as a crew or a recluse. The various Transatlantic races are most known.
  • races with stages where each stage proceeds in a different place or makes it possible to reach places different. Thus, a stage can be either a regatta or a race cruising. The Volvo Ocean Race (ex-Withbread) or race around the world as a crew and by stages is one of most prestigious.

Classification of a race

There exist two methods of calculating of the classification of a race:
  • in real-time for the monotypes of the same series (all the competitors have a boat of the same type, the arrived first is declared gaining) and for the of the same boats measures race. The gauge of race (not to confuse with the other gauges of which the gauge of customs) is a mathematical formula based on a whole of general characteristics defining a class of boats but ensuring a homogeneity of performance between these boats. All the competitors having an of the same boat measures, the arrived first of the gauge is declared gaining gauge.
  • in time compensated for , with each boat is affected a Handicap of time according to its characteristics measured according to the gauge (formula of computation based to the measures of the boat). The competitors are classified according to the time compensated by the formula: real-time X modifying coefficient (calculated according to the handicap according to the gauge). Thus, the boat which finishes first will not be obligatorily the winner.

There exist several types of gauges whose formulas are mathematical (and secret to avoid the arms race), for example the IRC, the IRM (international gauges) or the National Handicap (French gauge) whose calculation evolves/moves according to predictions speeds and historical statistics.

Famous races

The races were classified according to the categories described previously, for each one of it is given the mode of classification (in the plural when there are several classifications).

Races with the broad one

  • the Vendée Globe (gauges), round the world tour as a recluse for monoshells 60 feet IMOCA
  • the Road of Rum (gauges), deck chair as a recluse
  • the English Transatlantic race (gauges), deck chair as a recluse, for monoshells and multihulls 60 and 50 feet
  • the Deckchair Jacques Vabre, deck chair in double, for monoshells and multihulls 60 and 50 feet
  • the Barcelona World Race, round the world tour with two for monoshells 18m.
  • the Trophy Jules Verne, it acts of a race against the clock, where it is necessary to beat the record of the round the world tour to the veil.
  • The Race round the world tour without stopover as a crew ( No limit , not of gauge, the arrived first gains)
  • Fastnet which was a traditional stage of Admiral' S Cup (compensated time)
  • Sydney-Hobart, traditional race as a crew of the southern hemisphere (compensated time)
  • Transat Quebec-Saint-Malo (gauges), west-east deck chair as a crew
  • Mini Deckchair 6.50 (gauge), deck chair as a recluse on monoshell 6.5m
  • Minis-Fastnet (gauge)
  • Tall Ships' Races (ex Cutty Sark), travel of the sailing ships world, every year since 1956
  • Deckchair Ecover BtoB race as a recluse Salvador de Bahia with arrival in Brittany for monoshells IMOCA.

Races with stages

Specific races

  • Sywoc, World cup of veil of the students (monotype)
  • Ariane' S Cup, annual friendly competition of the industrial of the program ARIANE.

The sail speed

In this discipline, it is not the distance covered which is important but instantaneous speed. The veil speed resorts to all sciences of point (Aérodynamisme, Mécanique of the fluids, Résistance of the materials, simulation Informatique).

“Exceptional” prototypes and projects

The Hydroptère is one of the projects most led in this field, thanks to several Foil S of an impressive size (6.5 meters on the first version), this ship “takes off” at an altitude from 2 to 3 meters. “Hydrofoil” is also French the generic name of the foilers.

  • the February 9th 2005, the Hydrofoil , sailing with foils imagined by Eric Tabarly, crossed the Manche, of Dover to Calais, at a mean velocity of 33 nodes (62 km/h), in 34 minutes. This crossing by sea route lasted four minutes less than the record established by Louis Blériot the July 25th 1909 with its plane!

  • the April 4th 2005, the Hydrofoil , crossed the bar of the 50 nds. It holds also the speed records absolute on 500 Mr.

The Catamaran Advanced Techniques, prototype designed and constructed by the pupils of the 3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of advanced Techniques holds since 1997 the world speed records with the veil of category large aerofoil. It had then reached the speed of 42,12 knots (78 km/h) on a run of 500 Mr. It acts of an asymmetrical catamaran speed, provided with foils, inspired by the trimaran has foil Paul Ricard of Tabarly. Entirely out of carbon fiber, the catamaran Advanced Techniques is equipped with two rigid wings for the propulsion. There remains at the end of 2005 fourth fastest boat having sailed.

Monoshell vs Catamaran vs Trimaran

Largest:

  • Catamaran: Orange II , launched in December 2003. It makes 36,80 meters, 18 meters broad with a mast of 45 meters. Its surface of aerofoil with close (wind of face) is of 800 m ² and 1100 m ² to bearing (back wind). The skipper (captain) is Bruno Peyron
  • Trimaran: Geronimo , launched in July 2001. It makes 34 meters of length, 25 meters broad and a mast of more than 40 meters. The skipper (captain) is Olivier de Kersauson

The largest catamaran has veil ever built is soft France: 42 meters of great luxury, teak, etc Its hull is out of aluminum and it has two masts. It was manufactured in a small building site close to Nantes during 2 years by a team of only 10 people!

Synoptic repertory of the great races to the veil

  • 1) As a recluse:

the Golden Globe (Replaced by Vendée Globe)

the English Transatlantic race (Plymouth - Boston) Originally Ostar then Cstar re-elected in 2004 The Deckchair , every 4 years since 1960
the Vendée Globe (round the world tour as a recluse, without assistance and stopover)
Around Alone (ex- BOC Challenge) (round the world tour as a recluse, without assistance with stopovers), every 4 years, now Velux5oceans
the Road of Rum (Transatlantic between Saint-Malo and Guadeloupe), every 4 years since 1978
the Solo-Océane (first competition around the world as a recluse with equal footings on oceanic monoshells monotypes with the controlled budgets)
the Solitary of the Barber (By stages in monotype Barber, the Atlantic and Manche)
the Generali Solo (By stages in monotype Barber, the Mediterranean)
the Atlantic Challenge (Return Brazil - France of the monoshells of the Jacques Vabre Transatlantic race)
the Mini Deckchair 6.50 (La Rochelle - Brazil, a stopover in the Canaries)

  • 2) In double:

the Twostar (Deckchair in Plymouth-Newport double)

the Deckchair Jacques Vabre (Le Havre - Brazil in duet) succeeding the Deckchair in double and the Road of the coffee, every odd year
the Race of Freedom (Deckchair in double Rouen-New York)
the Deckchair AG 2R, deck chair in double (monotype Bénéteau Barber)
Minis-Fastnet (Race with broad in duet 600 miles)
the Barcelona World Race (race around the world in double, without stopovers)

  • 3) As a crew:

the Trophy Jules Verne (Record of the round the world tour as a crew without stopover)

the Sywoc (World cup of Veil of the students), since 1979, in the past Race of Europe
The Race (Circumnavigation without stopover), in 2000
the Deckchair Quebec-Saint-Malo (Transatlantic West-east), every 4 years
the Road of discovered the (Deckchair as a Cadiz crew in Saint Domingue)
the Cut of América (Regatta of monoshells in match racing)
the Admiral' S Cup (Race with broad starting from Cowes)
Volvo Ocean Race (ex- Whitbread) (Circumnavigation by stages)
the Tour de France with the veil (in monotype by stages), every year
Sydney-Hobart (Australian Race as a crew), every year
the Veils of Saint-Tropez (ex Nioulargue) Regatta of “oldies”
the Road of Gold (New York - San Francisco without stopover)
the Calais Round Britain Race or 1000 miles of Calais (Turn of British Isles)
Baule-Dakar, of 1980 until 1991.
Monaco-New-York, only one edition in 1985
Race of Europe, every 2 years, of 1985 until 1999.
Tall Ships' Races (ex Cuty Sark), travel of the sailing ships of the world, every year since 1956
Ariane' S Cup, annual friendly competition of the industrial of the program ARIANE.

See too

Related article

External bonds

  • CourseAuLarge, daily newspaper paying of the Veil
  • Veil-Multihulls, the site devoted to the oceanic multihulls

French and international authorities

  • French federation of Veil - FFV

  • National union for the Race with the Broad one - UNCL
  • Canadian Association of Yachting
  • Veil Quebec
  • International Sailing Federation - ISAF

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