Waste land
A waste land is a ground, or a zone, which is not, or more cultivated, nor even maintained. Marginal activities can however extend to it: Pasture, Hunting and other activities of leisures. The setting in culture of a waste land is called grubbing.
In Agriculture and Sylviculture
The waste land must be distinguished from the Jachère, which is a tillage. The agricultural waste land results from the Déprise (or abandonment) of the grounds.
In the systems of Extensive agriculture, the maintenance of peripheral pieces in waste lands or fallow makes it possible to preserve the Biological diversity partially, but it is a measurement seldom used.
Urban waste land
They are the industrial or very old districts, abandoned after the bankruptcy of factory or for reasons of Dépeuplement in certain sectors in crisis (coal basin or iron and steel). They are the subject often of requalification urban, with community and government aids. In some particular cases, in fact whole cities were abandoned (military cities, mushroom town mines of the far-west, communes deserted following wars, or cities and villages contaminated by the repercussions of Tchernobyl. Sometimes one indicates them under the name of phantom Ville.
Industrial waste land
See also: industrial Waste land
By extension, one calls industrial waste land, a industrial Park in which the industrial activities were dismantled, the ground having been completely removed or possibly preserving vestiges from installation.
The industrial waste lands often pose problem of Dépollution to be able to reconvert them at other ends (agriculture, housing, leisures,…).
In France, land public corporations (EPF), regional, can raise a tax to rehabilitate the industrial or urban waste lands. approximately 50% of the existing waste lands in the years 1980-1990 (10 approximately 000 ha) were located in the old industrial departments of the Northern and the Pas-de-Calais, which had with the crisis of the coal industry, metallurgical and of the spinning mill S at the end of the 20th century. The EPF can be based on databases (Basias, Basol) and studies of risk for better targeting measurements of setting defends some, in safety or of depollution, before requalitication of the site. These sites were initially returned to industry. Since the Nineties, they are rather returned with nature (green Trame) or are transformed into Green areas. In the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, the EPF thus before 2005 already replanted more than 10 bush and tree million on these requalified sites, and the Mission Field assistance to integrate them in the green Trame of the field
The concept of waste land has in the rich countries and of Intensive agriculture a generally negative connotation, but certain authors like François Terrasson, tried to defend the interest of the waste land which is also a return of the processes of the wild life.
See too
- Fallow
- Depollution
- Phytoremédiation
External bonds
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