Warren McCulloch
Warren Sturgis McCulloch , born the November 16th 1899 with Orange (New Jersey) and deceased the September 24th 1969 with Cambridge (Massachusetts) was an American researcher in Neurologie .
He is the initiator of the meetings interdisciplinary, known as Conférences Macy, which joined together some of the great minds of the time between 1942 and 1953 and which were at the origin of the Cybernétique.
He established the following property: when a cerebral neuron has is connected directly to a Neuron cerebral B, there exists always a connection, either direct or indirect, also going from B towards A.
He was the chief of the laboratories of the medical college in Harvard Chicago before continuing his career to MIT. In 1943, he writes with Walter Pitts “has logical calculus off the Ideas Immanent in Nervous activity”, Bulletin off Mathematical Biophysics, University off Chicago Press. By introducing the character of “all or nothing” into the description of activation neuronal system, it locates this one in the category of the logical models (this will bring it to the automata theory and will open with the development “self-regulated” automats). Alan Turing, he regards the functions of the spirit as a mathematical function (an operator transforming of the entries into exits). He proposes the idea of “random neurons”. This approach is not simply any more behaviorist (who is interested only in the entries and exits: stimuli => answers), but sofunctionalist. One of its conferences “Finality and form in Nervous activity” was published in 1952.
McCulloch was a large reader of Charles Sanders Peirce and founders of the analytical Philosophie such Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and George Edward Moore.
It had as collaborators two pioneers of the Artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert.
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