War of succession of Mantoue

The war of succession of Mantoue is a peripheral conflict which proceeded within the broader framework of the Guerre Thirty Year old, of 1628 with 1631. She opposed the France to the Habsbourg following the extinction of the elder branch of the Gonzague in 1627.

The September 22nd 1612, François IV duke of Mantoue and of Montferrat (François II of Montferrat) died in 26 years, ten months after the death of his/her father Vincent I {{er}}. It had for only heiress her daughter Marie, then old of 3 ans.
The capacity was taken again by the younger brother of Francois, Ferdinand (1587 - 1626), which had to leave the crimson cardinalice and to marry to perpetuate the family line. It reigned until in 1626 but died without postérité.
It was the brother youngest child, Vincent II (1594 - 1627), former also but défroqué cardinal, who him succèda.
Of a health already staggering and without posterity also, it had however taken care to manage its succession by organizing the marriage between his Marie niece and Charles III, duke of Mayenne and of Pivot, wire of one of its French distant cousins moved away, Charles III of Nevers, duke of Nevers and of Rethel, chief of line of the branch known as Gonzague of Nevers . The husbands who were both 18 years old, the back grandfather of Charles, Frederic II, were also the great-grandfather of Vincent II.
The marriage took place the December 26th 1627 and Vincent II died the very same day, at the 33 years age, after only fourteen months of reign.

The Emperor Ferdinand II, which had been married for five years with Éléonore de Mantoue, sister of the last three dukes, and was thus thus the brother-in-law of Vincent II, tried to attach the duchy of Mantoue to the Empire under a good in déshérence, with an aim of allotting it to a branch junior, that of the Gonzague de Guastalla, represented by Ferdinand II of Guastalla which went down from an younger brother of Frederic II of Mantoue and which had the advantage of being in the camp of the Spaniards and Autrichiens.
The claims of Charles of Nevers were supported by France which saw a mortal danger in the progressive surrounding of its fields by the Habsbourg and their allies. Those indeed had also rejoined with their cause the duke of Savoy Charles-Emmanuel I {{er}} which hoped to attach the Montferrat to its duchy.

In 1628, Charles-Emmanuel conquers the Montferrat with the assistance of Spanish troops, thus blocking Charles de Mantoue in the town of Casal (today Casale Monferrato ).
Louis XIII and Richelieu pass the the Alps with the army of the seat of La Rochelle and force the step of Suse, in Piedmont, the March 6th 1629. The March 18th, they deliver the town of Casal and take the fortified town of Pignerol the March 30th 1630. In April, the truce of Suse is signed with Charles-Emmanuel.
The Emperor managed to take Mantoue. However the events of Germany, with the Swedish intervention in the War Thirty Year old, forced it to divert its attention towards the principal theater of opérations.
The April 6th 1631, by the Treated of Cherasco, the Emperor recognized the possession of Mantoue and part of Montferrat by the duke of Nevers. Savoy accepted also part of Montferrat; as for France, it could occupy the fortified town, highly strategic, of Pignerol, which opened the door to him towards the plain of the Po.

See too

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