A war of independence or national liberation war is a armed conflict, which will generally take the form of a Civil war, in which people fights against a colonial domination or a foreign occupation.

Protocol I addition in 1977 with the Geneva Conventions, which refers to the right of the people to have themselves, mentions, in the national liberation wars, the fight against a racist mode.

Though the wars of independence exist for a long time, it is particularly within the framework of the movements of independence or release of second half of the 20th century which the particular shape of civil war specified which is the national liberation war.

It is conceived that the fact of rather indicating a war under this expression than under the generic term of Insurrection or Civil war (probable position of the presumedly illegitimate capacity in place) is not neutral. On the matter, the common direction and the legal direction can be contradicted and take part of a war of words. However, if the Geneva Conventions extend to the national liberation wars the protection measures applicable to the international armed conflicts, the text remains dumb on the criteria making it possible to include/understand why a conflict will be regarded as war of independence (formation of the Bangladesh) and the other not (Guerre of Biafra, called civil war of Nigeria ).

The use of the terms or the recognition seems to take part, on the matter, of a cynical pragmatism where only the result of the conflict decides its nature.

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