The Guerre of Emboabas was a Révolte which was held with the Brésil 1707 with 1709, also called the " fight for the Or ".

In November 1708, Cachoeira C Campo was the theater of one of the bloodiest battles which never occurred in the Minas Gerais. Paulistes, which had discovered the gold mines, asserted the total right of exploitation of gold. Those which were not agreement with these aimings, as a majority of the Portuguese, were known like " Emboabas" (of the tupi, " hens with long feathers on the pattes" , a pejorative reference to the practice of the Portuguese to use socks and boots, then unknown factor of Paulistes) and were directed by Manuel Nunes Viana. This debate was transformed into armed conflict known as Guerre of Emboabas .

History

This episode of the History of Brazil is not yet well cleared up, because of partiality of the reports/ratios of war submitted in majority by the adversaries of the paulists.

Context

Since the beginning of the gold rush, Paulistes gave itself the most important rights on gold of the mines, either because they thought of being the discoverers of the sites, or because this area belonged to the Capitainerie of São Vicente, to which São Paulo belongbelonged. In support of that, the Room of São Paulo emitted, the April 7th 1700, a request requiring the granting of the grounds of the Minas Gerais for only Paulistes. However, the colonists of Bahia and the Pernambouc were much closer to the Portuguese than of the paulists. The majority of them spoke Tupi-Guarani. The terms which they exchanged between them showed their differences: those of the ground which were called " nomades" or " rascals without loi" , the foreigners of emboabas called. The emboabas were not only the Portuguese, but also all those which came from other colonies. In the war which occurred, the inhabitants of Bahia and Pernambouc and all the others regarded as " étrangers" were as regards Portuguese.

For Paulistes, those which did not take part in the efforts of the research of gold were not to have the same rights of exploitation. The tension enters Paulistes (also called " vicentins" , because of their membership of the Harbor office of São Vicente) and the others grew, because of the confrontation of the arrogance of Paulistes with the resistance of the " emboabas".

The ex- bandeirante Manuel of Borba Gato was the chief of Paulistes, and the " emboabas" directed by Handbook Nunes Viana, Portuguese made at still young Bahia. This last was known for acts of courage which brought it towards the area where he was owner of fort lucrative mines.

The conflict

In 1707, with Arraial Novo, two of most important the paulists chiefs were lynched by the " emboabas". By fear of a revenge, they fled in the bush, component right an small group of resistant. Paulistes, even by having reasons to act, were satisfied to bury their chiefs and did not face the " emboabas". This encouraged them to return and not to be terrified by Paulistes more.

In 1708, an inevitable clash occurs, and the two groups returned from there to armed confrontation. Handbook of Borba Gato intervened, banishing Nunes Viana of the district of Rio das Velhas, without success. Several attempts at conciliations were made, all more unfruitful the ones than the others. " emboabas" took the initiative to disarm all Paulistes which they met, thinking that those prepared a great attack against them. There was only little resistance and, at the end of 1708, the " emboabas" controlled already two of the three mining centers most important. Paulistes, demoralized, took refuge in the district of Rio das Mortes.

" emboabas" met and proclaimed Nunes Viana governor of the mine field. After being itself assured their supremacy on the zone, the " emboabas" charged Bento de Amaral de Coutinho with the expulsion of the Paulistes last. Those did not oppose resistance and moved back once more, towards Parati and São Paulo.

Treason

During the expulsion of Paulistes an event called occurred " Capão de Traição". During a battle where they were in difficulty, after having wounded some " emboabas" , Bento de Amaral made them a proposal for a leniency if they gave up the weapons: after having accepted the offer, they all were pitilessly massacred.

Defeat of Paulistes

Confrontation finished towards 1709, thanks to the intervention of the governor of Rio de Janeiro, Antônio de Albuquerque Coelho de Carvalho. Without the claimed privileges nor the means to carry out a war, the paulists withdrew area. Much of them was towards the west where, later, they discovered new gold layers, in the current States of the Mato Grosso and of Goiás.

Consequences

Like consequences of the War of Emboabas, can be quoted:

• Regulation of the distribution of the gold-fields between " emboabas" and Paulistas;

• Regulation of the perception of the quinto (fifth of the value of the production, due to the local authority);
• São Paulo and the Gold mines were transformed into Harbor offices directly related to the Crown, under control of the government of Rio de Janeiro (November 3rd 1709).
• São Paulo passed from the statute of borough to that of city;
• the wars of the area of the mines ceased, the metropolis assuming the administrative control of the zone;
• the defeat of Paulistes made go some of them towards the west, where a few years later, they discovered new layers, contributing to initiate the conquest of the territories of the current States of Mato Grosso and Goiás.